Age, years, mean (SD) | 59.8 (11.2) | 61.2 (11.6) | 60.1 (11.7) |
Sex, n (%) |
Female | 108 (78) | 109 (78) | 104 (75) |
Race/ethnicity, n (%) |
Non-Hispanic White | 103 (75) | 110 (79) | 115 (83) |
Black | 20 (15) | 11 (8) | 15 (11) |
Other | 14 (9) | 14 (10) | 7 (5) |
Declined to answer | 1 (1) | 4 (3) | 1 (1) |
Education level, n (%) |
High school or less | 19 (14) | 20(14) | 22 (16) |
Some college | 53 (38) | 50 (36) | 58 (42) |
College graduate or greater | 66 (47) | 65 (47) | 57 (41) |
Declined to answer | 0 (0) | 4 (3) | 1 (1) |
Income level, n (%) |
<40,000 | 41 (30) | 42 (31) | 44 (32) |
40,000–79,999 | 42 (30) | 37 (27) | 43 (31) |
>80,000 | 22 (16) | 27 (20) | 22 (16) |
Declined to answer | 33 (24) | 33 (24) | 29 (21) |
Married, n (%) | 79 (57) | 79 (57) | 76 (55) |
Chronic conditions, n (%) |
1 | 55 (40) | 72 (51) | 43 (31) |
2 | 51 (37) | 40 (29) | 65 (47) |
3 | 18 (13) | 21 (15) | 21 (15) |
>4 | 14 (10) | 6 (4) | 9 (7) |
Self-reported diagnoses, n (%)a |
Arthritis | 83 (60) | 73 (52) | 77 (55) |
Depression | 59 (43) | 64 (46) | 70 (51) |
Diabetes | 64 (46) | 50 (36) | 58 (42) |
Asthma | 34 (25) | 25 (18) | 39 (28) |
Chronic lung disease | 15 (11) | 11 (8) | 17(12) |
Congestive heart failure | 17 (12) | 17 (12) | 14 (10) |
Uninsured, n (%) | 3 (2) | 5 (4) | 2 (2) |
Baseline status of outcomes, mean score (SD) |
Self-efficacy | 7.0 (1.8) | 7.0 (1.7) | 7.1 (1.8) |
PCS-36 | 33.6 (12.0) | 33.3 (12.4) | 34.4 (11.0) |
MCS-36 | 45.6 (14.2) | 45.3 (13.7) | 45.8 (13.7) |
GH | 47.2 (22.0) | 48.1 (24.9) | 50.2 (23.2) |
EQ-5D | 0.74 (0.18) | 0.73 (0.18) | 0.75 (0.16) |
EQ VAS | 64.3 (18.5) | 66.6 (19.1) | 68.4 (18.6) |
HAQ | 0.92 (0.68) | 0.85 (0.74) | 0.82 (0.65) |
CES-D | 9.5 (7.1) | 9.8 (6.5) | 9.5 (7.1) |