Patient Utilization of Family Physicians/General Practitioners by Education and Income, Population-Weighted Canadian Community Health Survey, 2000–2001, for Ontario, and Ontario Health Insurance Plan Claims, 2002–2004
| ≥1 FP/GP Visits vs No Visita | ≥10 FP/GP Visits vs <10 Visitsa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Characteristic | Partially Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Fully Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Partially Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Fully Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
| CCHC = Canadian Community Health Survey; CI = confidence interval; FP/GP = family physician/general practitioner; OR = odds ratio. | ||||
| aAdjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported morbidity, and diagnosis-based morbidity. | ||||
| bEducational attainment categorized as low (not completed high school), medium (high school completion and some postsecondary education), and high (university degree). Values missing for 0.7% of respondents. | ||||
| cIncome defined using total household income adjusted for the number of people living in the household and categorized as low (Statistics Canada’s lowest and lower-middle income), medium (upper-middle income), and high (highest income). For a household with 2 or fewer people, income levels correspond with Canadian dollar incomes of <$30,000, $30,000-59,999, and ≥$60,000, respectively. Values missing for 9.0% of respondents. | ||||
| CCHC measures | ||||
| Educational attainmentb | ||||
| High | 1.02 (0.84–1.20) | 1.05 (0.87–1.24) | 0.66 (0.57–0.75) | 0.77 (0.65–0.88) |
| Medium | 0.95 (0.78–1.12) | 0.99 (0.80–1.18) | 0.79 (0.68–0.90) | 0.91 (0.77–1.05) |
| Low (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Incomec | ||||
| High | 1.11 (0.94–1.28) | 1.14 (0.95–1.33) | 0.71 (0.61–0.81) | 0.85 (0.72–0.98) |
| Medium | 1.10 (0.92–1.27) | 1.09 (0.90–1.28) | 0.90 (0.78–1.01) | 1.02 (0.87–1.16) |
| Low (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Location | ||||
| Urban | 1.05 (0.90–1.20) | 0.98 (0.83–1.12) | 1.31 (1.14–1.47) | 1.23 (1.05–1.41) |
| Rural (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Age (continuous) | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 1.04 (1.03–1.04) | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 1.95 (1.71–2.18) | 1.44 (1.24–1.63) | 1.65 (1.49–1.81) | 1.26 (1.12–1.40) |
| Male (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Self-rated health | ||||
| Fair-poor | — | 0.69 (0.53–0.85) | — | 1.74 (1.44–2.03) |
| Good | — | 0.95 (0.79–1.12) | — | 1.28 (1.11–1.44) |
| Very good/excellent (reference) | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 |
| Chronic conditions ≥2 | ||||
| Yes | — | 1.34 (1.15–1.54) | — | 1.34 (1.19–1.50) |
| No (reference) | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 |
| Depression | ||||
| Yes | — | 1.05 (0.81–1.29) | — | 1.08 (0.90–1.26) |
| No (reference) | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 |
| Disability | 0.84 (0.64–1.03) | 1.18 (0.99–1.37) | ||
| Yes | — | — | ||
| No (reference) | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 |
| Adjusted Clinical Groups | ||||
| Aggregated diagnosis groups | ||||
| ≥10 (high) | — | 3.19 (1.61–4.78) | — | 6.82 (5.00–8.65) |
| 6–9 (medium) | — | 3.07 (2.29–3.86) | — | 2.81 (2.46–3.16) |
| 0–5 (low) (reference) | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 |
| Resource utilization bands | ||||
| ≥4 (very high) | — | 2.80 (1.89–3.72) | — | 3.53 (2.32–4.74) |
| 3 (high) | — | 5.29 (4.40–6.17) | — | 4.29 (3.04–5.54) |
| 2 (medium) | — | 2.68 (2.23–3.13) | — | 2.26 (1.55–2.97) |
| 0–1 (low) (reference) | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 |