Proportion of Patients With Improved Behavioral Outcomes and Adjusted Relative Risks Comparing Referral Program and Control Groups
| Behavior Change | Referral Program % (n) | Control % (n) | Risk Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Relative Riska (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Note: Percentage of patients with specified risk behavior that moved to a lower risk category. Numbers in parentheses are denominators for comparisons (intention to treat). Risk ratios and 95% CI computed with logistic regression; odds ratios converted to relative risk ratios by method of Zhang and Yu.33 Comparison for “any risk behavior” evaluated with 2-sample test of proportions. For comparisons of “any risk behavior,” control group patients can contribute denominator data for multiple risk behaviors). Definitions of outcomes: quit smoking = current smoker at baseline (>100 cigarettes in lifetime + smoked in past 7 days) but no smoking in past 7 days at follow-up; quit risky drinking = any binge drinking (5 or more drinks on 1 occasion) or drinking above threshold (>2 drinks per day for men or >1 drink per day for women) in past 30 days at baseline, but neither behavior present in past 30 days at follow-up; eating >5 servings fruit or vegetables = consumed <5 servings per day of fruits or vegetables in past week at baseline, but exceeded that threshold at follow-up; activity >low = inactive by IPAQ algorithm (using minutes per week of sedentary, low, moderate, and vigorous activity) at baseline, but moderate or high at follow-up. | ||||
| CI=confidence interval; IPAQ = International Physical Activity Questionnaire. | ||||
| a Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and baseline health status. | ||||
| b Risk ratio not computed because no patients selected alcohol referral programs within program. | ||||
| c P = .19; 2-sample test of proportions. | ||||
| Quit smoking | 25.0 (80) | 21.5 (79) | 1.16 (0.64–1.90) | 0.92 (0.45–1.64) |
| Quit risky drinkingb | 33.3 (3) | 14.2 (28) | — | — |
| Eating >5 servings fruit and vegetables per day | 16.1 (62) | 11.1 (198) | 1.45 (0.71–2.71) | 1.91 (0.82–3.81) |
| Activity >low | 25.0 (16) | 37.5 (40) | 0.67 (0.22–1.47) | 0.63 (0.14–1.60) |
| Any behavior change | 21.7 (161) | 16.9 (343)c | — | — |