Characteristics and Outcome Measures at Baseline for All Study Participants
| Characteristic | Activity n=97 | Social n=96 | Total N=193 |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMTS=Abbreviated Mental Test Score; GDS=Geriatric Depression Scale; ICD-10=International Classification of Diseases 10th edition; DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 4th edition; CIDI=Composite International Diagnostic Interview; NEADL = Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living scale; SPPB = short physical performance battery; SF-36 PHC = Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-item physical health component subscale; SF-36 MHC = Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-item mental health component subscale. | |||
| a Scores range from 0 to 10; higher score indicates greater cognition. | |||
| b Scores range from 0 to 12; higher score indicates better function. | |||
| c Scores range from 0 to 22; higher score indicates greater function. | |||
| d Scores range from 0 to 4; higher score indicates greater function. | |||
| e Scores range from 0 to 15; lower score indicates better mood. | |||
| f Scores range from 0 to 100; higher score indicates better physical health-related quality of life. | |||
| g Scores range from 0 to 100; higher score indicates better mental health-related quality of life. | |||
| Female, No. (%) | 62 (63.9) | 51 (53.1) | 113 (58.5) |
| Age mean (SD) | 81.4 (4.8) | 80.8 (3.9) | 81.1 (4.4) |
| Widowed, No. (%) | 46 (47.4) | 42 (43.8) | 88 (45.6) |
| Lives alone, No. (%) | 54 (55.7) | 46 (47.9) | 100 (51.8) |
| Perception of enough money, No. (%) | 97 (100) | 95 (99.0) | 192 (99.5) |
| Diagnoses, No. (%) | |||
| Asthma | 12 (12.4) | 14 (14.6) | 26 (13.5) |
| Diabetes | 12 (12.4) | 11 (11.5) | 23 (11.9) |
| Arthritis/rheumatism | 62 (63.9) | 61 (63.5) | 123 (63.7) |
| Epilepsy | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.0) | 2 (1.0) |
| Parkinson’s Disease | 4 (4.1) | 2 (2.1) | 6 (3.1) |
| Heart attack/angina | 25 (25.8) | 29 (30.2) | 54 (28.0) |
| Stroke | 18 (18.6) | 10 (10.4) | 28 (14.5) |
| Hip fracture | 6 (6.2) | 6 (6.3) | 12 (6.2) |
| Hospitalized in the last 12 months, No. (%) | 32 (33.0) | 33 (34.4) | 65 (33.7) |
| Total prescription medications, mean (SD), No. | 6.7 (3.7) | 6.2 (3.8) | 6.5 (3.7) |
| ICD-10 prior depression, No. (%) | 22 (22.7) | 30 (31.3) | 52 (26.9) |
| ICD-10 current depression, No. (%) | 3 (3.1) | 5 (5.2) | 8 (4.1) |
| ICD-10 severe depression, No. (%) | 2 (2.1) | 5 (5.2) | 7 (3.6) |
| DSM- IV diagnosis, No. (%) | 23 (23.7) | 29 (30.2) | 52 (26.9) |
| Depression symptoms, GDS >4 | 21 (22) | 35 (36.5) | 56 (29.0) |
| Any depression criteria met on CIDI | 29 (29.9) | 40 (41.7) | 69 (35.8) |
| Any depression criteria met on CIDI or GDS-15 score >4 | 42 (43.3) | 60 (63.2) | 102 (53.1) |
| Antidepressants, No. (%) | 28 (28.9) | 23 (24.0) | 51 (26.4) |
| Short-acting sedatives or benzodiazepines | 24 (24.7) | 22 (22.9) | 46 (23.8) |
| Long-acting benzodiazepine | 2 (2.1) | 2 (2.1) | 4 (2.1) |
| AMTS <7, No. (%)a | 3 (3.1) | 3 (3.1) | 6 (3.1) |
| SPPB score, mean (SD)b | 7.5 (3.0) | 7.6 (2.9) | 7.6 (3.0) |
| NEADL score, mean (SD)c | 18.2 (3.1) | 17.9 (3.7) | 18.0 (3.4) |
| Chair stand test, mean (SD)d | 1.5 (1.2) | 1.6 (1.2) | 1.5 (1.2) |
| GDS-15 score, mean (SD)e | 3.4 (2.7) | 4.0 (2.8) | 3.7 (2.7) |
| SF-36 PHC score, mean (SD)f | 39.0 (11.7) | 39.3 (11.0) | 39.1 (11.3) |
| SF-36 MHC score, mean (SD)g | 51.2 (9.3) | 48.7 (9.9) | 50.0 (9.7) |
| Physical activity moderate/vigorous, mean (SD), min/wk | 315 (428) | 379 (500) | 347 (465) |
| Any falls in last year, No. (%) | 43 (44.3) | 42 (43.8) | 85 (44.0) |