Responses of Patients to Survey Sleep Items and Associations with Drinking Status
| Sleep Variable (Column Percents Reported) | Total Sample No. (%) | Nondrinkers No. (%) | Moderate Drinkers No. (%) | Hazardous Drinkers No. (%) | OR (95% CI)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CI=confidence interval; OR = odds ratio. | |||||
| Note: percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding. | |||||
| a Examining each listed sleep item as the dependent variable in either a logistic regression model (for dichotomous sleep variables, with odds ratios) or linear regression model (for continuous ones), controlling for sex, age, educational attainment, and clustering by clinician. | |||||
| b Comparing moderate with nondrinkers. | |||||
| c Comparing hazardous with nondrinkers. | |||||
| d These 14 patients answered all 5 alcohol questions “Never” or “I don’t drink.” Their responses on this question are clearly inconsistent. | |||||
| e Comparing hazardous with moderate drinkers, omitting nondrinkers. and entering frequency of using alcohol for sleep as once a month or more often. | |||||
| During past 30 days, how many hours of sleep have you typically had each night? | |||||
| <5 | 226 (13) | 105 (15) | 69 (11) | 52 (14) | NS |
| 5 to 6 | 804 (47) | 307 (45) | 313 (49) | 184 (49) | – |
| 7 to 9 | 627 (37) | 249 (37) | 241 (38) | 137 (36) | – |
| ≥10 | 42 (3) | 22 (3) | 14 (2) | 6 (2) | – |
| During past 30 days, how often have you had trouble sleeping because you could not get to sleep within 30 minutes? | |||||
| 0 | 502 (30) | 196 (29) | 194 (31) | 112 (30) | NS |
| <1 time/wk | 371 (22) | 132 (19) | 148 (23) | 91 (24) | – |
| 1–2 times/wk | 360 (21) | 151 (22) | 134 (21) | 75 (20) | – |
| ≥3 times/wk | 461 (27) | 200 (30) | 160 (25) | 101 (27) | – |
| During past 30 days, how often have you had trouble sleeping because you woke up in middle of night or early morning? | |||||
| 0 | 391 (23) | 159 (23) | 146 (23) | 86 (23) | NS |
| <1 time/wk | 365 (22) | 124 (18) | 143 (23) | 98 (26) | – |
| 1–2 times/wk | 365 (22) | 137 (20) | 151 (24) | 77 (20) | – |
| ≥3 times/wk | 571 (34) | 260 (38) | 194 (31) | 117 (31) | – |
| During past 30 days, how would you rate your sleep quality overall? | |||||
| Excellent | 108 (6) | 47 (7) | 38 (6) | 23 (6) | NS |
| Very good | 288 (17) | 114 (17) | 112 (18) | 62 (16) | – |
| Good | 487 (29) | 185 (27) | 189 (30) | 113 (30) | – |
| Fair | 519 (31) | 190 (28) | 203 (32) | 126 (33) | – |
| Poor | 289 (17) | 145 (21) | 90 (14) | 54 (14) | – |
| During past 30 days, how often have you had trouble sleeping because you had a restless feeling in your legs that went away if you moved our legs? | |||||
| 0 | 1,095 (66) | 416 (62) | 419 (67) | 260 (69) | NS |
| <1 time/wk | 209 (13) | 85 (13) | 83 (13) | 41 (11) | – |
| 1–2 times/wk | 180 (11) | 75 (11) | 64 (10) | 41 (11) | – |
| ≥3 times/wk | 189 (11) | 92 (14) | 62 (10) | 35 (9) | – |
| During past 30 days, how often have you had trouble staying awake while driving, eating meals, or engaging in social activities? | |||||
| 0 | 1,259 (76) | 514 (79) | 470 (75) | 275 (73) | NS |
| <1 time/wk | 195 (12) | 62 (10) | 88 (14) | 45 (12) | – |
| 1–2 times/wk | 130 (8) | 50 (8) | 46 (7) | 34 (9) | – |
| ≥3 times/wk | 70 (4) | 27 (4) | 22 (4) | 21 (6) | – |
| Sleep apnea | |||||
| No diagnosis, | 1,563 (93) | 614 (90) | 593 (94) | 356 (94) | 0.61 (0.38–0.999)b |
| Diagnosis by a clinician or treatment for it | 124 (7) | 65 (10) | 37 (6) | 22 (6) | 0.60 (0.34–1.08)c |
| During past 30 days, how often have you taken medicine (prescribed or “over-the-counter”) in order to sleep? | |||||
| 0 | 1,129 (68) | 445 (67) | 441 (70) | 243 (65) | NS |
| <1 time/wk | 106 (6) | 33 (5) | 51 (8) | 22 (6) | – |
| 1–2 times/wk | 110 (7) | 43 (7) | 41 (7) | 26 (7) | – |
| ≥3 times/wk | 322 (19) | 140 (21) | 97 (15) | 85 (23) | – |
| During past 30 days, how often have your used alcohol in order to sleep? | |||||
| 0 | 1,492 (92) | 617 (98) | 587 (94) | 288 (78) | 4.53 (2.94–6.97)e |
| <1 time/wk | 62 (4) | 10 (2)d | 21 (3) | 31 (8) | – |
| 1–2 times/wk | 45 (3) | 1 (0)d | 11 (2) | 33 (9) | – |
| ≥3 times/wk | 26 (2) | 3 (1)d | 4 (1) | 19 (5) | – |