Table 2

Hazard Ratios (95% CI) for Anticholinergic Scales, by Outcome

ScaleMACE/MortalityAll-Cause MortalityMACEFall or FractureDementia/Delirium
CrAS1.05 (1.03-1.07)1.05 (1.04-1.07)1.03 (1-1.06)1.09 (1.06-1.11)1.23 (1.1-1.36)
ARS1.05 (1.03-1.08)1.06 (1.04-1.08)1.01 (0.97-1.05)1.06 (1.03-1.1)1.23 (1.07-1.4)
AAS-r1.06 (1.04-1.08)1.07 (1.05-1.08)1.07 (1.04-1.09)1.09 (1.06-1.12)1.14 (1.02-1.28)
ALS1.06 (1.04-1.08)1.07 (1.05-1.08)1.04 (1.01-1.07)1.1 (1.07-1.13)1.26 (1.14-1.41)
AAS1.06 (1.05-1.08)1.07 (1.05-1.09)1.07 (1.05-1.1)1.09 (1.06-1.12)1.24 (1.11-1.37)
AEC1.07 (1.05-1.1)1.08 (1.06-1.1)1.04 (1-1.08)1.12 (1.09-1.16)1.45 (1.3-1.61)
m-ARS1.07 (1.06-1.09)1.08 (1.06-1.1)1.02 (0.99-1.06)1.08 (1.05-1.12)1.27 (1.13-1.43)
AIS1.08 (1.06-1.1)1.09 (1.07-1.11)1.04 (1.01-1.08)1.14 (1.1-1.17)1.38 (1.24-1.54)
ACoB1.12 (1.1-1.14)1.13 (1.11-1.15)1.17 (1.14-1.2)1.11 (1.08-1.14)1.26 (1.14-1.4)
ADS1.12 (1.11-1.14)1.13 (1.12-1.15)1.15 (1.12-1.17)1.13 (1.1-1.16)1.29 (1.16-1.42)
  • AAS = Anticholinergic Activity Scale; AAS-r = revised Anticholinergic Activity Scale; ACoB = Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden; ADS = Anticholinergic Drug Scale;

  • AEC = Anticholinergic Effect on Cognition; AIS = Anticholinergic Impregnation Scale; ALS = Anticholinergic Loading Scale; ARS = Anticholinergic Risk Scale; CrAS = Clinician-rated Anticholinergic Scale; MACE = major adverse cardiovascular event; m-ARS = Modified Anticholinergic Risk Scale.

  • Results from Model 3: Adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, physical activity level, and morbidity count.