Variables Analyzed
| Variable | Level of Measurement | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Practice-level variables | ||
| Number of physicians (FTE) | Continuous | |
| Number of staff (FTE) | Continuous | |
| Physician turnover rate | Continuous | Calculated as the number who left in past year, divided by total number |
| Staff turnover rate | Continuous | Calculated as the number who left in past year, divided by total number |
| Practice type | Binary | Solo or single specialty practice vs multispecialty practice |
| Use of electronic health record | Binary | Yes/no |
| Patient-level demographic variables | ||
| Age | Continuous | Measured in years |
| Sex | Binary | Male vs female |
| Race | Binary | Nonwhite vs white |
| Patient-level measures of unhealthy behaviors | ||
| Average number of drinks per day or month | Continuous | |
| Intention to reduce drinking alcohol | Continuousa | Applied only to patients who reported drinking at least 10 drinks in the last month |
| Smoking status | Binary | Smokers were identified as those who smoked at least part of a cigarette in the last 30 days |
| Intention to quit smoking | Continuousa | Applied only to patients who reported, on either the pre- or postintervention questionnaire, that they were former smokers, current smokers, or smokers trying to quit |
| Unhealthy diet | Binary | Unhealthy diet was defined as failure to consume 5 servings of fruit and vegetables a day. |
| Intent to improve diet | Continuousa | Applied only to patients whose responses indicated their diet was unhealthy |
| Physical inactivity | Binary | Physical inactivity was defined as no report of moderate or vigorous activity, nor of a 10-minute period of walking in the last 7 days |
| Minutes of physical activity on average day | Continuous | Calculated from reports of vigorous and moderate activity along with walking |
| Intent to start an exercise program | Continuousa | Applied to patients who reported less than 90 minutes of vigorous or moderate physical activity, including walking, in the last 7 days |
FTE=full-time equivalent.
↵a Intention variables were measured on a 5-point ordinal scale, but were treated as continuous measures to calculate intraclass correlation coefficients.