Patient Characteristics at Baseline by Number of General Medical Conditions
| No. of General Medical Conditions | Between-Group Comparison | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | 0 (n = 328) | 1 (n = 158) | 2 (n = 98) | ≥3 (n = 79) | Test Statistic | P Values | ||||||
| All | 0 vs 1 | 0 vs 2 | 0 vs ≥3 | 1 vs 2 | 1 vs ≥3 | 2 vs ≥3 | ||||||
| No. (%) | ||||||||||||
| Clinical setting | 23.8a | <.001 | <.001b | .004b | .002b | .58 | .09 | .70 | ||||
| Primary | 140 (42.7) | 99 (62.7) | 58 (59.2) | 49 (62.0) | ||||||||
| Psychiatric | 188 (57.3) | 59 (37.3) | 40 (40.8) | 30 (38.0) | ||||||||
| Current MDD chronicc | 160 (49.1) | 85 (53.8) | 65 (66.3) | 57 (72.2) | 19.2a | .001 | .33 | .003b | <.001b | .048 | .007b | .41 |
| Sex | 6.5a | .09 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Male | 96 (29.3) | 47 (29.7) | 35 (35.7) | 34 (43.0) | ||||||||
| Female | 232 (70.7) | 111 (70.3) | 63 (64.3) | 45 (57.0) | ||||||||
| Race | 17.0d | .009 | .04 | .08 | .001b | .99 | .34 | .45 | ||||
| White | 229 (72.7) | 99 (63.9) | 58 (63.0) | 44 (55.7) | ||||||||
| Black | 64 (20.3) | 48 (31.0) | 29 (31.5) | 32 (40.5) | ||||||||
| Other | 22 (7.0) | 8 (5.2) | 5 (5.4) | 3 (3.8) | ||||||||
| Hispanic ethnicity | 52 (15.9) | 24 (15.2) | 18 (18.4) | 7 (8.9) | 3.3a | .34 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Employed | 179 (54.6) | 88 (55.7) | 45 (45.9) | 19 (24.1) | 26.7a | <.001 | .82 | .13 | <.001b | .13 | <.001b | .003b |
| Mean (SD) | ||||||||||||
| Age, y | 37.5 (12.6) | 44.7 (11.7) | 48.8 (10.6) | 52.8 (9.3) | 51.7e | <.001 | <.001b | <.001b | <.001b | .001b | <.001b | .01 |
| Education, y | 14.1 (3.0) | 13.8 (3.0) | 13.3 (2.8) | 12.7 (2.8) | 5.9f | <.001 | .25 | .02 | <.001b | .23 | .006b | .12 |
| MDD features | ||||||||||||
| Number of prior antidepressants | 1.5 (1.6) | 1.5 (1.8) | 1.8 (2.1) | 1.8 (1.6) | 5.1a | .17 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Duration of current episode, mo | 51.1 (91.6) | 58.0 (94.2) | 86.4 (135.0) | 83.3 (126.0) | 20.6a | <.001 | .23 | .002b | .001b | .055 | .008b | .47 |
| Number of prior episodes | 9.8 (21.3) | 9.2 (19.1) | 8.7 (21.7) | 5.9 (12.5) | 4.8a | .19 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Age at first episode, y | 20.0 (11.9) | 25.9 (14.1) | 28.0 (14.5) | 31.5 (16.5) | 51.1a | <.001 | <.001b | <.001b | <.001b | .25 | .02 | .17 |
| Test scores | ||||||||||||
| WSAS score | 27.0 (8.6) | 25.4 (9.0) | 27.2 (9.3) | 29.2 (8.7) | 10.9a | .01 | .09 | .69 | .02 | .09 | .001b | .14 |
| SCQ score | 1.0 (1.3) | 3.2 (1.2) | 5.8 (1.5) | 10.6 (3.1) | 493.7a | <.001 | <.001b | <.001b | <.001b | <.001b | <.001b | <.001b |
| QIDS-SR16 score | 15.7 (4.3) | 15.1 (4.2) | 15.3 (4.6) | 15.5 (3.9) | 0.7g | .55 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
MDD = major depressive disorder; QIDS-SR16 = 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Self-Report; SCQ = Self-administered Comorbidity Questionnaire; WSAS = Work and Social Adjustment Scale.
Notes: WSAS scores range from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater levels of impairment. SCQ scores range from 0 to 45, with higher scores indicating greater number of disorders and greater levels of impairment. QIDS scores range from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating greater levels of depression.
↵a χ23. The χ2 for continuous measures indicates Kruskal-Wallis test.
↵b The post hoc comparisons were significant after Bonferroni correction (P <.0083).
↵c Current episode of MDD ongoing for at least 2 years.
↵d χ26.
↵e F3,659.
↵f F3,636
↵g F3,640.