Clinical Outcomes of Glycemic Control and Depression Symptoms in Usual Care and in the Integrated Intervention at 12 Weeks
| Outcomes for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | Unadjusted Estimate | Estimated Between-Group Odds Ratio or Difference (95% CI) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Usual Care (n = 88) | Intervention (n = 92) | |||
| Glucose control | ||||
| Achieved HbA1c <7%, n (%) | 25 (35.7) | 67 (60.9) | 8.48 (3.24 to 22.2)a | <.001 |
| HbA1c, change from baseline, mean (SD) | 0.50 (1.11) | −0.70 (1.32) | −1.20 (−1.56 to 0.84)b | <.001 |
| Depression | ||||
| Achieved remission (PHQ-9 <5c), n (%) | 27 (30.7) | 54 (58.7) | 6.15 (2.93 to 12.92)d | <.001 |
| PHQ-9 scorec change from baseline, mean (SD) | −0.29 (5.74) | −2.42 (4.75) | −2.13 (−3.68 to −0.59) | .007 |
HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; PHQ-9 = 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; SD = standard deviation.
Estimates, 95% confidence intervals, and P values from the statistical models.
↵a Odds ratio (95% CI) from a logistic regression model.
↵b Mean group difference (95% CI) from a repeated measures linear regression model.
↵c PHQ-9 scored on a range from 0 to 27, where lower scores represent fewer depressive symptoms.
↵d Odds ratio (95% CI) from a repeated measures logistic regression model.