Table 2

Summary of Significant Associations Between Morbidity Measures and Patient-Reported Outcomes

	Patient-Reported Outcomes^a

Morbidity Measure	General Health Status β (CI)^b	Physical Well-being β (CI)^b	Emotional Well-being β (CI)^b	Fewer Financial Constraints Odds Ratio (CI)^c	Less Overwhelmed Odds Ratio (CI)^c	Self-efficacy Odds Ratio (CI)^c
Quan adaptation of CCI (ICD-9)¹⁵ (range=0–12)	−1.91 (−2.50 to −1.33)^d	−0.68 (−0.99 to −0.37^d	0.06 (−0.19 to 0.31)	0.82 (0.73 to 0.91)^d	0.87 (0.78 to 0.96)^e	0.96 (0.86 to 1.08)
Self-reported disease burden²⁶ (range=1–89)	−0.71 (−0.84 to −0.59)^d	−0.49 (−0.56 to −0.42)^d	−0.11 (−0.16 to −.05)^d	0.96 (0.94 to 0.99)^f	0.95 (0.93 to 0.97)^d	0.96 (0.94 to 0.99)^f
Anxiety symptoms (GAD-7)³⁹ (range=0–21)	−2.75 (−5.88 to 0.37)	1.41 (−0.24 to 3.06)	−5.90 (−7.25 to −4.56)^d	0.64 (0.37 to 1.09)	0.57 (0.35 to 0.93)^e	0.79 (0.48 to 1.31)
Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9)³⁸ (range=0–27)	−12.01 (−14.75 to −9.27)^d	−4.99 (−6.44 to −3.54)^d	−5.87 (−7.05 to −4.69)^d	0.66 (0.39 to 1.13)	0.30 (0.18 to 0.50)^d	0.18 (0.10 to 0.33)^d

CCI = Charlson comorbidity index; GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale; ICD- 9=International Classification of Disease, 9th edition; PHQ-9=9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.
Note: Associations expressed as point estimates with confidence intervals within separate models for each outcome.
↵a For all outcomes, higher outcome values represent a better state (eg, better physical functioning, fewer financial constraints). All models adjusted for morbidity measures above and age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, and length of enrollment.
↵b Linear regression: β estimates; nonsignificant confidence intervals cross zero.
↵c Logistic regression: odds ratios; nonsignificant confidence intervals cross 1.0.
↵d P value <.001.
↵e P value <.05.
↵f P value <.01.