Summary of Significant Associations Between Morbidity Measures and Utilization Outcomes
| Utilization Outcomesa | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Morbidity Measure | Outpatient Utilization Negative Binomial Regression Rate Ratio (CI)b | Inpatient Admission Logistic Regression Odds Ratio (CI)c | Emergency Department Admission Logistic Regression Odds Ratio (CI)c |
| Quan adaptation of CCI (ICD-9)15 (range=0–12) | 1.05 (1.02–1.09)d | 1.17 (1.08–1.26)d | 1.12 (1.04–1.22)d |
| Self-reported disease burden26 (range=1–89) | 1.02 (1.01–1.02)e | 1.03 (1.01–1.04)d | 1.01 (0.99–1.03)f |
| Anxiety symptoms (GAD-7)39 (range=0–21) | 1.23 (1.03–1.47)f | 1.01 (0.65–1.58) | 0.94 (0.62–1.43) |
| Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9)38 (range=0–27) | 1.00 (0.86–1.16) | 0.81 (0.55–1.20) | 1.72 (1.19–2.49)d |
CCI = Charlson comorbidity index; GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale; ICD-9=International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition; PHQ-9=9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.
Note: Associations expressed as rate or odds ratios with confidence intervals within separate models for each outcome.
↵a All models adjusted for other morbidity measures and age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, follow-up time, and length of enrollment.
↵b Negative binomial regression; nonsignificant confidence intervals cross 1.0.
↵c Logistic regression; nonsignificant confidence intervals cross 1.0.
↵d P value <.01.
↵e P value <.001.
↵f P value <.05.