Measures of Physical Activity and Other Outcomes by Group and Time Point
| Time Point, Adjusted Mean (95% CI) | P Value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | Groupa | Baseline | 3 Months | 12 Months | Time | Group | Time × Group |
| Leisure activity, min/wk | |||||||
| Totalb | S | 92.5 (74.6–114.8) | 146.3 (120.2–178.0) | 147.1 (115.0–188.3) | <.001 | .78 | .13 |
| P | 80.6 (63.6–102.0) | 168.9 (139.4–204.8) | 160.4 (125.1–205.6) | ||||
| Moderateb | S | 69.9 (53.8–90.8) | 111.4 (88.2–127.3) | 99.4 (76.0–130.1) | <.001 | .98 | .16 |
| P | 56.4 (43.4–75.5) | 121.2 (93.6–157.0) | 114.2 (87.4–149.3) | ||||
| Walkingb | S | 61.3 (47.2–79.6) | 92.2 (73.4–116.0) | 89.4 (64.5–123.9) | <.001 | .70 | .03 |
| P | 43.4 (32.7–57.7) | 107.4 (82.7–139.4) | 94.0 (72.0–122.7) | ||||
| Total walking activity,b min/wk | S | 81.5 (64.2–103.6) | 106.1 (87.4–129.0) | 143.0 (114.0–179.3) | <.001 | .27 | .12 |
| P | 57.0 (44.3–73.3) | 109.9 (87.9–137.6) | 139.0 (112.0–172.5) | ||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | S | 26.4 (25.7–27.2) | 26.3 (25.6–27.0) | 26.4 (25.6–27.1) | .06 | .13 | .11 |
| P | 27.2 (26.4–28.0) | 27.2 (26.3–28.0) | 27.0 (26.2–27.8) | ||||
| Blood pressure, mm Hg | |||||||
| Systolic | S | 145.8 (140.4–151.3) | 133.4 (128.6–138.1) | 136.7 (132.0–141.4) | <.001 | .41 | .98 |
| P | 144.2 (138.6–149.9) | 131.9 (127.1–136.7) | 134.8 (130.1–139.5) | ||||
| Diastolic | S | 82.4 (79.6–85.3) | 76.8 (74.3–79.4) | 78.8 (76.2–81.4) | <.001 | .73 | .55 |
| P | 83.5 (80.5–86.5) | 77.4 (75.0–79.9) | 78.3 (75.8–80.8) | ||||
| Short Physical Performance Battery | S | 8.5 (8.1–9.0) | 8.5 (8.0–9.0) | 8.5 (8.0–9.0) | .25 | .97 | .17 |
| P | 8.3 (7.8–8.8) | 8.3 (7.8–8.8) | 8.8 (8.4–9.3) | ||||
| SF-36 scale | |||||||
| Physical functioning | S | 73.1 (69.5–76.7) | 76.1 (72.6–79.6) | 78.4 (74.8–81.9) | <.001 | .22 | .83 |
| P | 71.2 (67.4–75.1) | 73.7 (70.1–77.3) | 75.3 (71.7–79.0) | ||||
| General health | S | 72.6 (69.8–75.4) | 77.1 (74.3–79.8) | 80.1 (77.5–82.7) | <.001 | .93 | .19 |
| P | 73.9 (71.0–76.9) | 76.7 (73.9–79.4) | 78.7 (75.9–81.6) | ||||
| Vitality | S | 64.7 (61.8–67.7) | 66.8 (63.8–69.7) | 70.6 (67.8–73.4) | <.001 | .85 | .66 |
| P | 64.4 (61.1–67.6) | 68.0 (65.0–71.0) | 70.6 (67.8–73.3) | ||||
| Mental health | S | 82.7 (80.5–84.9) | 85.4 (83.3–87.4) | 87.0 (85.2–88.7) | <.001 | .50 | .93 |
| P | 82.2 (79.6–84.8) | 84.7 (82.4–86.9) | 86.0 (83.8–88.1) | ||||
BMI = body mass index; SF-36 = the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.
Notes: Repeated measures Generalized Estimating Equation model adjusted for age, sex, partner, education, occurrence of health or other events since baseline, and clustered by physician and couple. Blood pressure also adjusted for medications and change in medications for heart conditions or hypertension. The Short Physical Performance Battery scores range from 0 to 12; higher score indicates better function. The SF-36 scales scores range from 0 to 100; higher score indicates better health-related quality of life.
↵a S = standard Green Prescription group; P = pedometer-based Green Prescription group.
↵b The 4 measures of physical activity are nonexclusive.