Participants’ Characteristics (N = 33)
| Characteristic | No. (%) | Characteristic | No. (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | Geography | ||
| 21–40 | 3 (9) | Rural | 5 (15) |
| 41–60 | 12 (36) | Nonrural | 28 (85) |
| 61–70 | 12 (36) | Region | |
| 71–95 | 6 (18) | Midwest | 4 (12) |
| Race | Northeast | 7 (21) | |
| African American | 4 (12) | South | 13 (39) |
| White | 26 (79) | West | 9 (27) |
| Missing | 3 (9) | Health condition | |
| Ethnicity | prompting application | ||
| Not Hispanic | 29 (88) | for assistance | |
| Hispanic | 3 (9) | Arrhythmia | 1 (3) |
| Missing | 1 (3) | Arthritis | 10 (30) |
| Income | Asthma | 2 (6) | |
| <$20,000 | 13 (39) | Cancer | 13 (39) |
| $20,000–$40,000 | 15 (46) | Hepatitis C | 2 (6) |
| $40,000–$60,000 | 4 (12) | Kidney/renal disease | 5 (15) |
| Missing | 1 (3) | Insurance type | |
| Education | Cobra | 4 (12) | |
| High school | 20 (61) | Employer | 6 (18) |
| Some college | 3 (9) | Medicaid | 1 (3) |
| College graduate | 6 (18) | Medicare | 22 (67) |
| Graduate school | 4 (12) |
Note. The number of participants covered by Medicare exceeded the number older than 65 years, suggesting that the sample includes chronically disabled individuals who were younger than 65 years.