Baseline Characteristics of the 195 Participants Who Completed the Living Healthy Trial
| All N = 195 | Control n = 99 | Intervention n = 96 | P Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age ± SD | 58.9 ± 10.4 | 57.9 ± 10.8 | 60.0 ± 9.9 | .15 |
| Female, No. (%) | 155 (80) | 74 (75) | 81 (84) | .10 |
| African American, No. (%) | 188 (96) | 94 (95) | 94 (98) | .27 |
| Education, No. (%) | ||||
| <High school | 55 (28) | 32 (32) | 23 (24) | .38 |
| 12th grade, GED, high school diploma | 70 (36) | 32 (32) | 38 (40) | |
| >High school education | 70 (36) | 35 (35) | 35 (37) | |
| Annual household income, No. (%) | ||||
| <$20,000 | 132 (74) | 62 (68) | 70 (80) | .08 |
| >=$20,000 | 47 (26) | 29 (32) | 18 (20) | |
| Mean WOMAC total score ± SDb | 41 ± 20 | 42 ± 20 | 40 ± 20 | .61 |
| Mean functional status subscale score ± SD | 40 ± 22 | 41 ± 22 | 39 ± 22 | .56 |
| Mean stiffness subscale score ± SD | 49 ± 26 | 49 ± 25 | 49 ± 27 | .92 |
| Mean pain subscale score ± SD | 42 ± 22 | 43 ± 23 | 42 ± 21 | .70 |
| Health related quality of lifec | ||||
| Mean MCS ± SD | 39 ± 7 | 39 ± 7 | 39 ± 6 | .39 |
| Mean PCS ± SD | 39 ± 9 | 38 ± 9 | 39 ± 9 | .31 |
| Mean hemoglobin A1c, % ± SD | 8.3 ± 2.1 | 8.4 ± 2.2 | 8.2 ± 2.1 | .40 |
| Mean systolic blood pressure, mm Hg ± SD | 133 ± 21 | 133 ± 21 | 133 ± 20 | .94 |
| Mean body mass index, kg/m2 ± SD | 37.5 ± 8.0 | 37 ± 7.0 | 38 ± 9 | .15 |
| Body mass index >30 kg/m2, No. (%) | 167 (87) | 85 (86) | 82 (87) | .78 |
| Taking Insulin, No. (%) | 89 (46) | 48 (49) | 41 (43) | .42 |
| Explanatory variables | ||||
| Means days per week engaged in intense PA ± SDd | 2.5 ± 2.0 | 2.2 ± 1.9 | 2.9 ± 2.1 | .03 |
| Mean days per week walked for exercise ± SDe | 0.6 ± 2.4 | 0.6 ± 2.3 | 0.7 ± 2.6 | .88 |
| PA despite pain, No. (%)f | .69 | |||
| Did not have pain | 71 (37) | 33 (34) | 38 (40) | |
| Unable to walk, did other exercise | 53 (27) | 28 (29) | 25 (26) | |
| Unable to walk, no exercise | 70 (36) | 37 (38) | 33 (34) | |
| PA levels compared with others, No. (%)g | .42 | |||
| Less active | 78 (40) | 44 (44) | 34 (35) | |
| Same as other my age | 58 (30) | 28 (28) | 30 (31) | |
| More active | 59 (30) | 27 (27) | 32 (33) |
GED = general equivalency diploma; MCS = mental health component score; PA = physical activity; PCS = physical component score; WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.
↵a t-test or χ2 testing between group differences.
↵b Range 0-100; higher score indicates more pain, stiffness, and functional limitation.
↵c Short Form 12; range 0-100; higher score indicates greater quality of life.
↵d “How many times per week do you engage in intense physical activity, enough to work up a sweat?”
↵e “Over the past 7 days, how many days did you walk for exercise?”
↵f “On days you were unable to walk for exercise due to pain, did you do other forms of exercise?”
↵g “How would you compare your activity level to others your age?”