Characteristics of Study Physicians (n = 120)
| Characteristic | Control | MD-Ed | MD-Ed+A |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physician demographics | |||
| Physician, No. (% of group total)a | 43 (36) | 41 (34) | 36 (30) |
| Sex, male, % | 69 | 66 | 75 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 43 (8) | 42 (9) | 43 (5) |
| Year finished clinical training, % | |||
| 1970 to 1994 | 28 | 31 | 34 |
| 1995 to 1999 | 30 | 28 | 28 |
| 2000 to 2009 | 43 | 41 | 38 |
| Ethnicity, % | |||
| Asian | 23 | 54 | 31 |
| White | 67 | 334 | 60 |
| Practice characteristics | |||
| Years at current practice site, No. (SD) | 8 (5) | 7 (6) | 9 (6) |
| Total time allocation per week, % (SD) | |||
| Patient care | 86 (14) | 85 (17) | 83 (18) |
| Administrative activities | 10 (10) | 14 (16) | |
| Teaching, research, or other | 8 (7) | 10 (13) | 9 (8) |
| Patient mix in typical week | |||
| Patients aged ≥18 y, No. (SD) | 113 (103) | 77 (44) | 105 (103) |
| Patients aged >50 y, mean No. (SD) | 28 (12) | 29 (14) | 31 (11) |
| New patient visits, % (SD) | 14 (14) | 15 (14) | 11 (9) |
| Follow-up visits, % (SD) | 62 (16) | 63 (18) | 69 (15) |
| Urgent/emergency care, % (SD) | 22 (13) | 20 (12) | 18 (13) |
| Inpatient care, % (SD) | 4 (6) | 3 (6) | 3 (4) |
| Prior experiences with prostate cancer | |||
| Family member with prostate cancer, % | 23 | 12 | 22 |
| Know anyone diagnosed with prostate cancer, % | 40 | 24 | 36 |
| Know anyone died of prostate cancer, % | 19 | 15 | 12 |
| Cared for a patient whose experience changed how physician thought about prostate cancer, % | 45 | 49 | 33 |
| Male physician >50 y (n = 6), who had PSA testing, % | 5 | 6 | 4 |
| Overall PSA shared decision making, summed mean score (SD)b | 15.9 (1.3) | 16.1 (1.6) | 16.1 (1.7) |
| PSA shared decision making, mean score (SD)c | |||
| How often do you offer your patients choices in their medical care? | 4.1 (0.5) | 4.1 (0.5) | 4.1 (0.6) |
| How often do you discuss the pros and cons of each choice with your patients? | 3.8 (0.5) | 3.8 (0.5) | 3.8 (0.6) |
| How often do you ask your patients to state which choice or option they would prefer? | 3.8 (0.6) | 4.0 (0.5) | 3.9 (0.7) |
| How often do you take your patients’ preferences into account when making treatment decisions? | 4.1 (0.5) | 4.2 (0.6) | 4.3 (0.5) |
| Time discussing PSA screening, mean score (SD)d | |||
| With a typical average risk patient, how much time do you usually spend discussing the risks and benefits of PSA screening? | 2.65 (0.6) | 2.6 (0.7) | 2.4 (0.7) |
MD-Ed = physician education; MD-Ed+A = physician education with patient activation; PSA = prostate-specific antigen.
↵a Response rates for these items varied between 97% and 100%.
↵b Instrument scale derived from Kaplan.22,23 Scale scores ranged from 5 to 20.
↵c Scores ranged from 1 to 5; higher scores indicate more shared decision making.
↵d Scores ranged from 1 = never to 4 = in depth.