Characteristics of Study Respondents (N = 1,440)
| Variables | All Patients (N=1,440) | City A (G-CHC) (n=480) | City B (H-CHC) (n=480) | City C (P-CHC) (n=480) | P Value (χ2) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | ||
| Health care service utilization | |||||||||
| Is there a CHC where you usually go | |||||||||
| No | 193 | 13.4 | 46 | 9.6 | 55 | 11.5 | 92 | 19.2 | |
| Yes | 1,247 | 86.6 | 434 | 90.4 | 425 | 88.5 | 388 | 80.8 | <.001 |
| Frequency of CHC visits | |||||||||
| ≤2 | 494 | 34.6 | 197 | 41.1 | 171 | 35.6 | 126 | 26.8 | |
| ≥3 | 935 | 65.4 | 282 | 58.9 | 309 | 64.4 | 344 | 73.2 | <.001 |
| Duration of CHC visits | |||||||||
| <1 year | 740 | 58.2 | 305 | 74.2 | 212 | 49.3 | 223 | 51.7 | |
| ≥1 year | 532 | 41.8 | 106 | 25.8 | 218 | 50.7 | 208 | 48.3 | <.001 |
| Hospital doctor visits after CHC visits | |||||||||
| No | 656 | 45.6 | 194 | 40.4 | 255 | 53.1 | 207 | 43.1 | |
| Yes | 784 | 54.4 | 286 | 59.6 | 225 | 46.9 | 273 | 56.9 | <.001 |
| Presence of medical insurance | |||||||||
| No | 346 | 24.0 | 122 | 25.4 | 124 | 25.8 | 100 | 20.9 | |
| Yes | 1,093 | 76.0 | 358 | 74.6 | 356 | 74.2 | 379 | 79.1 | .138 |
| Health characteristics | |||||||||
| Presence of chronic medical condition | |||||||||
| No | 902 | 62.6 | 313 | 65.2 | 301 | 62.7 | 288 | 60.0 | |
| Yes | 538 | 37.4 | 167 | 34.8 | 179 | 37.3 | 192 | 40.0 | .249 |
| Self-perceived health status | |||||||||
| Fair or poor | 637 | 44.2 | 223 | 46.5 | 227 | 47.3 | 187 | 39.0 | |
| Good or excellent | 803 | 55.8 | 257 | 53.5 | 253 | 52.7 | 293 | 61.0 | .017 |
| Presence of self-perceived long-term physical/mental problem | |||||||||
| No | 885 | 74.1 | 279 | 73.8 | 284 | 72.3 | 322 | 75.9 | |
| Yes | 310 | 25.9 | 99 | 26.2 | 109 | 27.7 | 102 | 24.1 | .483 |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||||||
| Age, ya | 43.4±17.1 | 37.2±13.2 | 47.2±17.7 | 41.0±14.4 | |||||
| <55 | 1,110 | 77.7 | 429 | 89.9 | 309 | 64.4 | 372 | 78.8 | |
| ≥55 | 319 | 22.3 | 48 | 10.1 | 171 | 35.6 | 100 | 21.2 | <.001 |
| Sex, No. (%) | |||||||||
| Male | 601 | 41.8 | 218 | 45.4 | 185 | 38.5 | 198 | 41.3 | |
| Female | 838 | 58.2 | 262 | 54.6 | 295 | 61.5 | 281 | 58.7 | .094 |
| Marriage, No. (%) | |||||||||
| No | 241 | 16.7 | 81 | 16.9 | 66 | 13.8 | 94 | 19.6 | |
| Yes | 1,198 | 83.3 | 399 | 83.1 | 414 | 86.3 | 385 | 80.4 | .051 |
| Educational level, No. (%) | |||||||||
| Junior secondary or below | 851 | 59.1 | 391 | 81.5 | 298 | 62.1 | 162 | 33.8 | |
| Senior secondary or above | 588 | 40.9 | 89 | 18.5 | 182 | 37.9 | 317 | 66.2 | <.001 |
| Monthly household income per head | |||||||||
| <¥2,000 | 611 | 52.0 | 200 | 51.0 | 275 | 67.1 | 136 | 36.6 | |
| ≥¥2,000 | 563 | 48.0 | 192 | 49.0 | 135 | 32.9 | 236 | 63.4 | <.001 |
CHC=community health center; G-CHC=government-owned CHC; H-CHC=hospital-operated CHC; P-CHC=privately-owned CHC.
↵a Mean±SD. χ2 Test was used to compare differences in sociodemographic characteristics, health characteristics, and health care service utilization of respondents across 3 cities.