Patient Characteristics, by Opioid Prescription (None vs Any)
| Characteristic | Total | No Opioids | Any Opioids | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | 53,982 (100) | 45,449 (84.2) | 8,533 (15.8) | |
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 45.6 (17.5) | 45.2 (17.5) | 47.4 (17.2) | <.001 |
| Race, no. (%) | ||||
| White | 24,732 (45.8) | 20,102 (44.2) | 4,630 (54.3) | <.001 |
| Hispanic | 13,779 (25.5) | 12,297 (27.1) | 1,482 (17.4) | |
| Black | 10,774 (20.0) | 8,824 (19.4) | 1,950 (22.9) | |
| Other | 4,697 (8.7) | 4,226 (9.3) | 471 (5.5) | |
| Education, no. (%) | ||||
| Less than high school | 4,717 (8.7) | 4,102 (9.0) | 615 (7.2) | <.001 |
| Some high school | 7,015 (13.0) | 5,744 (12.6) | 1,271 (14.9) | |
| High school graduate | 16,349 (30.3) | 13,577 (29.9) | 2,772 (32.5) | |
| Some college | 13,721 (25.4) | 11,337 (24.9) | 2,384 (27.9) | |
| College graduate | 12,180 (22.6) | 10,689 (23.5) | 1,491 (17.5) | |
| Household income, % federal poverty level, no. (%) | ||||
| <100% | 11,274 (20.9) | 9,059 (19.9) | 2,215 (26.0) | <.001 |
| 100%-124% | 3,505 (6.5) | 2,895 (6.4) | 610 (7.1) | |
| 125%-199% | 9,102 (16.9) | 7,643 (16.8) | 1,459 (17.1) | |
| 200%-399% | 15,494 (28.7) | 13,175 (29.0) | 2,319 (27.2) | |
| ≥400% | 14,607 (27.1) | 12,677 (27.9) | 1,930 (22.6) | |
| Census region, no. (%) | ||||
| Northeast | 8,390 (15.5) | 7,346 (16.2) | 1,044 (12.2) | <.001 |
| Midwest | 10,646 (19.7) | 8,695 (19.1) | 1,951 (22.9) | |
| South | 20,811 (38.6) | 17,288 (38.0) | 3,523 (41.3) | |
| West | 14,135 (26.2) | 12,120 (26.7) | 2,015 (23.6) | |
| Insurance status, no. (%) | ||||
| Private | 31,131 (57.7) | 26,440 (58.2) | 4,691 (55.0) | <.001 |
| Public | 13,695 (25.4) | 10,624 (23.4) | 3,071 (36.0) | |
| None | 9,156 (17.0) | 8,385 (18.4) | 771 (9.0) | |
| 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey component, mean (SD) | ||||
| Physical Component Summary score | 48.7 (11.1) | 50.0 (10.0) | 41.6 (13.4) | <.001 |
| Mental Component Summary score | 49.9 (10.4) | 50.4 (10.0) | 46.7 (11.9) | <.001 |
| Self-rated health, no. (%) | ||||
| Excellent | 11,481 (21.3) | 10,508 (23.1) | 973 (11.4) | <.001 |
| Very good | 17,285 (32.0) | 15,265 (33.6) | 2,020 (23.7) | |
| Good | 16,309 (30.2) | 13,541 (29.8) | 2,768 (32.4) | |
| Fair | 6,948 (12.9) | 5,079 (11.2) | 1,869 (21.9) | |
| Poor | 1,959 (3.6) | 1,056 (2.3) | 903 (10.6) | |
| Current smoker, no. (%) | ||||
| No | 45,543 (84.4) | 39,127 (86.1) | 6,416 (75.2) | <.001 |
| Yes | 8,439 (15.6) | 6,322 (13.9) | 2,117 (24.8) | |
| Count of chronic diseases, | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | <.001 |
| median (IQR) | (0-1.0) | (0-1.0) | (0-2.0) | |
| Usual source of care, no. (%) | ||||
| No | 12,534 (23.2) | 11,337 (24.9) | 1,197 (14.0) | <.001 |
| Yes | 41,448 (76.8) | 34,112 (75.1) | 7,336 (86.0) | |
| Number of office visits, | 2.0 | 1.0 | 5.0 | <.001 |
| median (IQR) | (0-5.0) | (0-4.0) | (2.0-10.0) | |
| Opioid category, no. (%) | ||||
| 0 prescriptions | 45,449 (84.2) | 45,449 (100.0) | <.001 | |
| 1 prescription | 4,505 (8.3) | 4,505 (52.8) | ||
| 2-3 prescriptions | 1,779 (3.3) | 1,779 (20.8) | ||
| 4-11 prescriptions | 1,622 (3.0) | 1,622 (19.0) | ||
| >12 prescriptions | 627 (1.2) | 627 (7.3) | ||
| Cervical cancer screening, no. (%) | ||||
| Yes | 39,229 (84.2) | 32,914 (84.1) | 6,315 (84.8) | .13 |
| Breast cancer screening, no. (%) | ||||
| Yes | 23,449 (70.7) | 19,220 (70.2) | 4,229 (73.2) | <.001 |
| Colorectal cancer screening, no. (%) | ||||
| Yes | 11,622 (49.2) | 9,276 (47.8) | 2,346 (55.8) | <.001 |
IQR = interquartile range.
Notes: Data not adjusted for survey characteristics. P values based on sample and not survey adjusted.