Baseline Demographics and Measures Related to Neck Pain
| Variable | Control (n = 37) | 1 × 60 Min/wk (n = 38) | 2 × 30 Min/wk (n = 38) | 2 × 60 Min/wk (n = 39) | 3 × 30 Min/wk (n = 37) | 3 × 60 Min/wk (n = 39) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 44.4 (12.2) | 50.2 (10.9) | 42.3 (11.3) | 48.7 (11.5) | 45.7 (11.5) | 49.0 (9.9) |
| Women, No. (%) | 26 (70.3) | 30 (78.9) | 28 (73.7) | 28 (71.8) | 25 (67.6) | 27 (69.2) |
| College graduate, No. (%) | 27 (73.0) | 22 (57.9) | 26 (68.4) | 25 (64.1) | 27 (73) | 28 (78.1) |
| White non-Hispanic, No. (%) | 30 (81.1) | 30 (78.9) | 27 (71.1) | 32 (84.2) | 20 (54.1) | 29 (76.3) |
| Married, No. (%) | 22 (59.5) | 22 (57.9) | 27 (71.1) | 23 (59.0) | 26 (70.3) | 24 (61.5) |
| Family income >$45,000/y, No. (%) | 27 (73.0) | 25 (65.8) | 21 (55.3) | 29 (74.4) | 27 (73.0) | 23 (59.0) |
| Unemployed, No. (%) | 6 (16.2) | 9 (23.7) | 6 (15.8) | 8 (20.5) | 8 (21.6) | 7 (17.9) |
| Work that requires lifting and carrying, No. (%) | 8 (21.6) | 7 (18.4) | 13 (34.2) | 8 (20.5) | 7 (18.9) | 10 (25.6) |
| Measures of neck pain impact | ||||||
| Neck Disability Index, mean (SD) | 13.4 (4.8) | 14 (4.6) | 13.4 (3.8) | 13.7 (5.1) | 13.1 (5.6) | 14.3 (5.5) |
| Neck pain intensity, mean (SD) | 5.6 (1.3) | 5.9 (1.5) | 5.8 (1.4) | 5.6 (1.1) | 6.1 (1.5) | 5.7 (1.2) |
| Duration of neck pain >5 y, No. (%) | 11 (29.7) | 15 (39.5) | 19 (50.0) | 16 (41.0) | 12 (32.4) | 17 (43.6) |
| >7 Days usual activity restricted due to neck pain in the past 3 mo, No. (%) | 9 (24.3) | 6 (15.8) | 4 (10.5) | 8 (20.5) | 6 (16.2) | 11 (28.2) |
| >3 Days of neck exercise in past week, No. (%) | 13 (35.0) | 14 (36.8) | 8 (21.1) | 14 (35.9) | 11 (29.7) | 15 (38.5) |
| Any medications for neck pain in past week, No. (%) | 21 (56.8) | 22 (57.9) | 23 (60.5) | 25 (64.1) | 18 (48.7) | 28 (71.8) |
| NSAID use for neck pain, No. (%) | 19 (51.4) | 15 (39.5) | 17 (44.7) | 20 (51.3) | 11 (29.7) | 15 (38.5) |
| Opioid use for neck pain, No. (%) | 1 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Measures of quality of life | ||||||
| SF-36 General health very good or excellent, No. (%) | 25 (67.6) | 25 (65.8) | 22.0 (57.9) | 26 (66.7) | 23 (62.2) | 29 (74.4) |
| SF-36 Mental health,a mean (SD) | 75.8 (15.2) | 76.3 (16.0) | 78.4 (14.3) | 77.1 (16.8) | 78.3 (11.7) | 78.9 (13.1) |
| SF-36 Physical health, mean (SD) | 80.2 (13.7) | 76.6 (19.6) | 81.1 (15.4) | 73.8 (17.8) | 79.6 (20.2) | 78.5 (16.4) |
| Miscellaneous measures | ||||||
| Worry, mean (SD) | 4.6 (1.9) | 4.3 (2.6) | 3.6 (2.6) | 4.1 (2.2) | 4.2 (2.4) | 4 (2.4) |
| Perceived Stress Scale, mean (SD) | 16.9 (6.9) | 15.9 (7.2) | 16.1 (5.6) | 17 (6.5) | 17.1 (4.9) | 15.8 (6.9) |
| Very satisfied with overall care for neck pain No. (%) | 1 (4.0) | 2 (7.4) | 1 (3.2) | 5 (17.9) | 1 (3.0) | 2 (6.1) |
| Expectation of massage helpfulness, mean (SD) | 7.7 (1.4) | 7.4 (2.3) | 7.4 (1.9) | 7.4 (1.8) | 7.2 (2.0) | 7.7 (2.3) |
| Expect neck pain to be much better or completely gone in 1 year, No. (%) | 13 (35.1) | 11 (28.9) | 10 (26.3) | 13 (33.3) | 12 (33.3) | 11 (28.2) |
| Top treatment choice was massage, No. (%) | 26 (76.5) | 25 (69.4) | 17 (48.6) | 22 (62.9) | 24 (68.6) | 25 (67.6) |
| Had prior massage for back or neck pain, No. (%) | 25 (67.6) | 28 (73.7) | 21 (55.3) | 22 (56.4) | 20 (54.1) | 25 (64.1) |
| Neck-related disability days | ||||||
| >7 Days in past 4 weeks that normal activities were cut by half a day or more because of neck pain, No. (%) | 5 (13.5) | 4 (10.5) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (5.1) | 4 (10.8) | 6 (15.4) |
| ≥1 Day in the past 4 weeks that neck pain kept you in bed or lying down for all or most of the day, No. (%) | 3 (8.1) | 4 (10.5) | 2 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (13.5) | 2 (5.1) |
| ≥1 Day in past 4 weeks that neck pain kept you out of work or school, No. (%) | 2 (5.7) | 3 (8.6) | 1 (2.7) | 2 (5.4) | 1 (2.9) | 3 (8.1) |
NSAID = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SF-36 = 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.
Notes: NDI is a 0 to 50 scale; higher scores indicate worse function. Neck pain intensity is a 0 to 10 scale; higher scores indicate more pain. SF-36 scales are all scaled to a 0 to 100 scale; higher scores indicate better function. Perceived Stress Scale is a 0 to 40 scale; higher scores indicate more stress. Worry and expectations are both 0 to 10 scales; higher scores indicate more worry or higher expectations, respectively.
↵a On the 5-item Mental Health Inventory.