Table 1

Impact Analysis Studies of Clinical Prediction Rules (16 Studies Covering 12 Rules)

Clinical Domain	Clinical Prediction Rule	Author, Year	Clinical Setting	Study Design	Study Outcome
D (Digestive)
D14: Hematemesis/vomiting blood	Blatchford score	Stanley et al, 2009¹⁹	Emergency department	Before-after	Positive
D88: Appendicitis	Alvarado score (MANTRELS)	Farahnak et al, 2007²⁰	Emergency department	RCT (pilot)	Positive
K (Cardiovascular)
K22: Risk factors for cardiovascular disease	UKPDS risk engine (patients with diabetes) with Dutch guidelines risk table	Koelewijnvan Loon et al, 2009²¹	Primary care	Cluster RCT	Negative
	New Zealand risk guidelines for cardiovascular disease	Montgomery et al, 2000²²	Primary care	Cluster RCT	Negative
K74: Ischemic heart disease with angina	Pozen 1984 for admission in acute ischemic heart disease	Pozen et al, 1984²³	Emergency department	On-off	Positive
K93: Pulmonary embolism	Charlotte rule	Kline et al, 2004²⁴	Emergency department	Before-after (controlled)	Positive
	Wells rule for PE	Wells et al, 2003²⁵	Emergency department	Cluster RCT	Positive
L (Musculoskeletal)
L73: Fracture tibia/fibula	Ottawa ankle rule	Bessen et al, 2009²⁶	Emergency department	Before-after	Positive
	Ottawa ankle rule	Auleley et al, 1997²⁷	Emergency department	RCT	Positive
	Ottawa ankle rule	Stiell et al, 1995²⁸	Emergency department	Before-after (controlled)	Positive
	Ottawa ankle rule	Stiell et al, 1994²⁹	Emergency department	Before-after (controlled)	Positive
	Ottawa knee rule	Stiell et al, 1997³⁰	Emergency department	Before-after (controlled)	Positive
N (Neurologic)
N81: Injury nervous system other	Canadian cervical-spine rule	Stiell et al, 2009³¹	Emergency department	Cluster RCT	Positive
R (Respiratory)
R72: Streptococcal pharyngitis	Centor score	Worrall et al, 2007³²	Primary care	RCT	Negative
	McIsaac rule	McIssac et al, 2002³³	Primary care	RCT	Negative
	McIsaac rule	McIssac and Goel, 1998³⁴	Primary care	RCT	Positive

MANTRELS = migration to the right iliac fossa, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, tenderness in the right iliac fossa, rebound pain, elevated temperature (fever), leukocytosis, and shift of leukocytes to the left; PE = pulmonary embolism; RCT = randomized controlled trial; UKPDS = UK Prospective Diabetes Study.