Risk of Death and Cardiovascular Outcomes by Level of Continuity of Care in Time-Dependent Analyses (N = 47,433)
| Most Frequent Provider Continuity | Modified, Modified Continuity Index | Continuity of Care Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Above Median | Below Median | Above Median | Below Median | Above Median | Below Median |
| All cause death | ||||||
| Crude HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.48 (1.38–1.59) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.49 (1.39–1.61) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.48 (1.38–1.59) |
| Multivariable-adjusted HRa (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.32 (1.23–1.42) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.30 (1.21–1.41) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.32 (1.23–1.42) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | ||||||
| Crude HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.54 (1.34–1.78) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.68 (1.46–1.94) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.55 (1.34–1.78) |
| Multivariable-adjusted HRa (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.30 (1.13–1.50) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.40 (1.21–1.63) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.31 (1.13–1.51) |
| Non-cardiovascular mortality | ||||||
| Crude HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.27 (1.17–1.38) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.29 (1.19–1.40) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.27 (1.17–1.37) |
| Multivariable-adjusted HRa (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.08 (0.99–1.17) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.05 (0.96–1.14) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.07 (0.99–1.16) |
| Myocardial infarctionb | ||||||
| Crude HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.56 (1.27–1.92) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.45 (1.17–1.78) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.54 (1.25–1.89) |
| Multivariable-adjusted HRa (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.61 (1.30–1.99) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.50 (1.22–1.87) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.59 (1.28–1.96) |
| Cerebral infarctionb | ||||||
| Crude HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.52 (1.34–1.71) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.51 (1.34–1.71) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.54 (1.36–1.74) |
| Multivariable-adjusted HRa (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.39 (1.23–1.58) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.40 (1.24–1.60) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.42 (1.25–1.61) |
| Cerebral hemorrhageb | ||||||
| Crude HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.95 (0.76–1.18) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.04 (0.83–1.29) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.98 (0.79–1.22) |
| Multivariable-adjusted HRa (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.87 (0.69–1.08) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.93 (0.74–1.17) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.89 (0.71–1.12) |
HR= hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; Ref = reference standard.
↵a Multivariable adjustments included age, sex, income, Charlson comorbidity index, number of visits during the first 2 years, and residential area (for detail, see text).
↵b Excluding those who developed the indicated outcome during the first 2 years after diagnosis.