Characteristics of Participants, Overall and by Clinic Site
| Characteristic | All Participants (N = 441) | Clinic Site | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinic Site A (n = 332) | Clinic Site B (n = 109) | P Value | ||
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 52.7 (11.1) | 52.3 (11.3) | 54.0 (10.5) | .18 |
| Sex (female), % (No.) | 55.3 (244) | 53.3 (177) | 61.5 (67) | .14 |
| Born in the United States, % (No.) | 25.6 (113) | 6.0 (20) | 85.3 (93) | <.001 |
| Primary language, % (No.) | <.001 | |||
| English | 27.7 (122) | 7.8 (26) | 88.1 (96) | |
| Spanish | 68.7 (303) | 89.5 (297) | 5.5 (6) | |
| Other | 3.6 (16) | 2.7 (9) | 6.4 (7) | |
| Race/ethnicity, % (No.) | <.001 | |||
| Asian | 4.1 (18) | 3.3 (11) | 6.4 (7) | |
| African American | 19.0 (84) | 1.8 (6) | 71.6 (78) | |
| Latino or Hispanic | 70.1 (309) | 90.7 (30) | 7.3 (8) | |
| White | 2.5 (11) | 1.5 (5) | 5.5 (6) | |
| Other | 4.3 (19) | 2.7 (9) | 9.2 (10) | |
| Working status, % (No.) | <.001 | |||
| Full time | 18.6 (82) | 22.0 (73) | 8.3 (9) | |
| Part time | 25.6 (113) | 28.0 (93) | 18.3 (20) | |
| Homemaker | 13.8 (61) | 16.9 (56) | 4.6 (5) | |
| Unemployed | 16.1 (71) | 13.6 (45) | 23.9 (26) | |
| Retired/disabled/SSI/other | 25.9 (114) | 19.5 (65) | 44.9 (49) | |
| Education, % (No.) | <.001 | |||
| ≤5th grade | 22.7 (100) | 29.6 (98) | 1.8 (2) | |
| 6th to 8th grade | 21.1 (93) | 27.1 (90) | 2.8 (3) | |
| Some high school | 13.4 (59) | 11.1 (37) | 20.2 (22) | |
| High school graduate or GED | 17.7 (78) | 14.2 (47) | 28.4 (31) | |
| Some college | 15.6 (69) | 9.9 (33) | 33.0 (36) | |
| College graduate | 9.5 (42) | 8.1 (27) | 13.8 (15) | |
| Income, % (No.) | .52 | |||
| ≤$5,000 | 34.0 (150) | 33.7 (112) | 34.9 (38) | |
| $5,000–$10,000 | 24.3 (107) | 23.8 (79) | 25.7 (28) | |
| $10,000–$20,000 | 29.5 (130) | 31.0 (103) | 24.8 (27) | |
| ≥$20,000 | 12.2 (54) | 11.4 (38) | 14.7 (16) | |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 31.4 (6.7) | 30.6 (4.7) | 34.0 (10.2) | <.001 |
| HbA1c, mean (SD), %a | 9.9 (1.5) | 9.8 (1.4) | 10.3 (1.9) | .17 |
| LDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dLa | 147.0 (35.6) | 147.3 (36.7) | 145.2 (28.9) | .75 |
| SBP, mean (SD), mm Hga | 159.4 (15.4) | 158.3 (13.5) | 160.9 (17.5) | .25 |
| Number of PCP visits in year before study, mean (SD) | 5.4 (4.1) | 5.2 (3.5) | 6.1 (5.5) | <.05 |
| Number of coach interactions, mean (SD) | 12.4 (7.4) | 14.1 (6.7) | 7.6 (7.2) | <.001 |
| Total time interaction, mean (SD), min | 540.8 (307.6) | 621.1 (281.1) | 305.5 (258.7) | <.001 |
| Number of interactions by topic/activity addressed, mean (SD) | ||||
| Medications | 9.3 (6.0) | 11.0 (5.4) | 4.1 (4.6) | <.001 |
| Reviewing clinical values and goals | 7.4 (4.6) | 8.4 (3.9) | 4.5 (5.2) | <.001 |
| Discussing lifestyle changes | 7.4 (5.0) | 9.1 (4.3) | 2.1 (2.2) | <.001 |
| Agenda setting | 5.7 (4.3) | 7.1 (4.1) | 1.7 (1.9) | <.001 |
| Navigational support | 5.1 (5.1) | 6.4 (5.3) | 1.5 (1.8) | <.001 |
| Action plans for behavior change | 4.2 (3.2) | 5.1 (2.9) | 1.6 (2.3) | <.001 |
| Facilitating communication with PCP | 3.3 (3.8) | 4.0 (4.1) | 1.1 (1.5) | <.001 |
| Closing the loop (teach back) | 5.3 (3.6) | 6.1 (3.3) | 2.8 (3.4) | <.001 |
| Patient-reported quality of health-coaching interactions, mean (SD)b | 3.3 (0.7) | 3.4 (0.5) | 2.8 (0.9) | <.001 |
| Patient-reported trust in health coach, mean (SD)c | 4.1 (0.5) | 4.1 (0.5) | 3.9 (0.7) | <.005 |
BMI = body mass index; GED = general equivalency diploma; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; PCP = primary care physician; SBP = systolic blood pressure; SSI = supplemental security income.
↵a Includes only patients qualifying for the study on this measure (158 for HbA1c, 218 for LDL cholesterol, and 192 for SBP).
↵b On a scale of 1 to 5, where 5 = best.
↵c On a scale of 1 to 5, where 5 = high.