Impact of Screening on Self-rated Health Status and Self-reported Health Behaviors in the ADDITION-Cambridge Trial at 7-year Follow-up
| Screening Group | No-screening Control Group | Intervention Effect (95%CI)a | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-rated health status | |||
| Mean SF-8 physical health summary score (scale 0 to 100), score (SD) | 47.4 (9.8) | 47.8 (10.3) | −0.33 (−1.80 to 1.14) |
| Mean SF-8 mental health summary score (scale 0 to 100), score (SD) | 51.8 (8.6) | 52.2 (8.1) | −0.38 (−1.33 to 0.57) |
| Mean EQ-5D score (scale −0.3 to 1.0), score (SD) | 0.87 (0.16) | 0.87 (0.15) | 0.002 (−0.02 to 0.02) |
| Mean EuroQol visual acuity score (scale 0 to 100), score (SD) | 74.5 (16.5) | 73.7 (17.2) | 0.80 (−1.28 to 2.87) |
| Self-reported health behavior | |||
| Current smoker, n (%) | 143 (10.5) | 61 (10.7) | 0.97 (0.72–1.32) |
| Alcohol consumption (units per week), mean (SD) | 8.2 (11.9) | 8.1 (11.1) | 0.14 (−1.07 to 1.35) |
| 1 or more portions fresh fruit per day, n (%) | 627 (46.4) | 249 (43.8) | 1.11 (0.93–1.33) |
| 1 or more portions green leafy vegetables per day, n (%) | 339 (25.2) | 117 (20.7) | 1.28 (0.99–1.66) |
| 1 or more portions other vegetables per day, n (%) | 382 (28.5) | 142 (25.1) | 1.19 (0.99–1.43) |
| 5 or more portions oily fish per week, n (%) | 27 (2.1) | 10 (1.8) | 1.14 (0.61–2.11) |
| 5 or more portions meat products per week, n (%) | 104 (7.8) | 51 (9.1) | 0.84 (0.64–1.11) |
| 1 or more portions whole meal (brown) bread per day, n (%) | 414 (30.8) | 167 (29.9) | 1.04 (0.89–1.22) |
| Total physical activity (MET-hours per week), mean (SD) | 45.1 (51.3) | 44.6 (51.9) | 0.50 (−4.08 to 5.07) |
| Vigorous activity (MET-hours per week), mean (SD) | 16.2 (31.7) | 15.3 (32.5) | 0.89 (−2.09 to 3.86) |
| Walking activity (MET-hours per week), mean (SD) | 22.6 (21.1) | 21.2 (21.0) | 1.35 (−1.17 to 3.86) |
| Sedentary time (hours per day), mean (SD) | 5.3 (2.7) | 5.4 (2.8) | −0.11 (−0.32 to 0.09) |
| Number of hospital admissions in past 3 months, mean (SD) | 0.11 (0.37) | 0.13 (0.44) | 0.85 (0.58–1.25)b |
| Number of family physician consultations in past 3 months, mean (SD) | 1.1 (1.3) | 1.2 (1.5) | 0.93 (0.78–1.12)b |
| Number of nurse consultations in past 3 months, mean (SD) | 0.8 (1.7) | 0.8 (1.7) | 1.04 (0.79–1.36)b |
SF-8 = 8-item short form health survey; EQ-5D = EuroQual measure of health outcome; MET = Metabolic equivalents of physical activity.
↵a Beta coefficients (95% CI) for continuous outcomes (representing the mean difference between groups) and odds ratios (95% CI) for categorical outcomes, accounting for clustering by general practice.
↵b Negative binomial regression (appropriate for over-dispersed count data) was used to compare the number of hospital admissions, family physician consultations, and nurse consultations. The effect sizes can be interpreted as ratios of incidences.