Table 3

Adjusted Associations Between Communication Practices and Antibiotic Prescribing for Viral Acute Respiratory Infections

Predictor Variable	Adjusted Risk Ratio^a	95% CI	P Value
Communication practices
Only positive treatment recommendations provided^b	0.48	0.24–0.95	.04
Only negative treatment recommendations provided^b	0.18	.02–1.43	.11
Both positive and negative treatment recommendations provided provided^b	0.15	0.06–0.40	<.0 01
Contingency plan provided	1.66	0.65–4.23	.29

↵a Adjusted for provider sex, parent sex, age, race, ethnicity, education level, annual income, language spoken at home, child sex, age, and health status.
↵b Omitted comparison group = no treatment recommendation provided.