Characteristics of Analytic Subcohorts for Each Outcome
| Characteristic | Inpatient Admissions | Emergency Department Visits | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Care a (n = 8,863) Mean (SD) | Specialty Carea (n = 6,724) Mean (SD) | Primary and Specialty Carea (n = 5,660) Mean (SD) | Primary Carea (n = 8,706) Mean (SD) | Specialty Carea (n = 6,738) Mean (SD) | Primary and Specialty Carea (n = 5,713) Mean (SD) | |
| Age, y | 76.0 (6.0) | 75.8 (5.9) | 76.0 (5.9) | 75.9 (6.0) | 75.8 (5.8) | 76.0 (5.8) |
| Morbidity burdenb | 4.3 (2.4) | 4.4 (2.5) | 4.4 (2.5) | 4.3 (2.5) | 4.5 (2.5) | 4.5 (2.5) |
| Baseline visits, No. | ||||||
| Primary care | 3.8 (2.8) | 3.8 (2.8) | 4.0 (2.9) | 3.7 (2.8) | 3.7 (2.8) | 3.9 (2.8) |
| Specialty care | 3.2 (3.6) | 4.1 (3.9) | 4.1 (4.0) | 3.3 (3.7) | 4.1 (4.0) | 4.1 (4.0) |
| COCIc | ||||||
| Primary care | 0.6 (0.3) | – | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.3) | – | 0.6 (0.3) |
| Specialty care | – | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.2) | – | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.2) |
| Percent | Percent | Percent | Percent | Percent | Percent | |
| Female sex | 56.4 | 55.0 | 55.4 | 55.6 | 54.2 | 54.2 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 78.8 | 80.8 | 81.0 | 79.1 | 81.1 | 81.2 |
| Black | 4.4 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.8 |
| Hispanic | 10.5 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 10.3 | 9.1 | 9.4 |
| Other | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
| Unknown | 4.6 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 3.9 |
| Low socioeconomic status | 15.4 | 14.3 | 14.2 | 15.0 | 14.2 | 13.8 |
| Baseline utilization | ||||||
| Inpatient admissions | 16.9 | 18.7 | 18.7 | – | – | – |
| Emergency department visits | – | – | – | 17.0 | 17.5 | 17.8 |
| Experienced any outcomed | 21.7 | 22.8 | 20.6 | 22.9 | 23.4 | 20.4 |
COCI = Continuity of Care Index.27
↵a Three visits required for subcohort entry.
↵b According to the Quan-adapted Elixhauser comorbidity index.28
↵c Last measured before outcome or censoring. Possible values range from 0 to 1 with higher scores indicating greater continuity.
↵d Hospital admission or emergency department visit.