Primary Composite and Condition-Specific Outcomes by Study Arm, for Total Sample and by Clinic Site
| Outcome | Health Coaching, % (No./n) | Usual Care, % (No./n) | Difference, % (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample | ||||
| Composite (primary)a | 46.4 (90/194) | 34.3 (57/166) | 12.1 (2 to 23) | .02 |
| Composite (secondary)b | 34.0 (66/194) | 24.7 (41/166) | 9.3 (1 to 19) | .05 |
| HbA1c goal achievedc | 48.6 (36/74) | 27.6 (16/58) | 21.0 (5 to 39) | .01 |
| Cholesterol goal achievedd | 42.7 (41/96) | 32.0 (24/75) | 10.7 (−4 to 25) | .15 |
| SBP goal achievede | 23.8 (19/80) | 28.9 (22/76) | −5.1 (−9 to 19) | .46 |
| Clinic site A | ||||
| Composite (primary)a | 49.7 (73/147) | 32.8 (42/128) | 16.9 (5 to 29) | .01 |
| Composite (secondary)b | 36.1 (53/147) | 24.2 (31/128) | 11.9 (1 to 23) | .03 |
| HbA1c goal achievedc | 52.3 (34/65) | 29.4 (15/51) | 22.9 (5 to 41) | .01 |
| Cholesterol goal achievedd | 41.8 (33/79) | 25.4 (16/63) | 16.4 (1 to 32) | .04 |
| SBP goal achievede | 25.5 (12/47) | 31.9 (15/47) | −6.4 (−11 to 25) | .49 |
| Clinic site B | ||||
| Composite (primary)a | 36.2 (17/47) | 39.5 (15/38) | −3.3 (−17 to 24) | .76 |
| Composite (secondary)b | 27.7 (13/47) | 26.3 (10/38) | 1.4 (−18 to 20) | .89 |
| HbA1c goal achievedc | 22.2 (2/9) | 14.3 (1/7) | 7.9 (−31 to 46) | .69 |
| Cholesterol goal achievedd | 47.1 (8/17) | 66.7 (8/12) | −19.6 (−18 to 56) | .29 |
| SBP goal achievede | 21.2 (7/33) | 24.1 (7/29) | −2.9 (−18 to 24) | .78 |
HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SBP = systolic blood pressure.
Note: Analyses used missing-at-random (nonimputed) data. See statistical analysis in Methods section for details.
↵a Achieved target for control of 1 or more of specific conditions for which patient was uncontrolled at baseline.
↵b Achieved target for control of all conditions for which patient was uncontrolled at baseline.
↵c Goal was <8.0%.
↵d Goal for diabetic patients was LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dL or non–HDL cholesterol <130 mg/dL if triglycerides >400 mg/dL, and for nondiabetic patients was LDL cholesterol l<130 mg/dL or non–HDL cholesterol <160 mg/dL if triglycerides >400 mg/dL.
↵e Goal was <130 mm Hg for diabetic patients and <40 mm Hg for nondiabetic patients.