Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants
| Characteristic | Peer-led Group (n = 54) | Control Group (n = 52) | Total (n = 106) | P Value for Between-Group Difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 56.7 (11.5) | 55.9 (11.3) | 56.3 (11.4) | .71a |
| Men, n (%) | 17 (31.5%) | 18 (34.6%) | 35 (33.0%) | .73b |
| Race or ethnicity, n (%) | N/A | |||
| African American | 54 (100%) | 52 (100%) | 106 (100%) | |
| Education, n (%) | .33c | |||
| Some high school or less | 5 (9.6%) | 3 (5.8%) | 8 (7.7%) | |
| High school graduate or GED | 6 (11.5%) | 7 (13.5%) | 13 (12.5%) | |
| Some college/technical/vocational training | 25 (48.1%) | 18 (34.6%) | 43 (41.3%) | |
| College graduate or higher | 16 (30.8%) | 24 (46.2%) | 40 (38.5%) | |
| Employed, n (%) | 20 (38.5%) | 25 (48.1%) | 45 (43.3%) | .32b |
| Have health insurance, n (%) | 45 (95.7%) | 49 (100.0%) | 94 (97.9%) | .24c |
| Household income, n (%) | .25b | |||
| <$20,000 | 9 (17.3%) | 14 (26.9%) | 23 (22.1%) | |
| $20,000 – $49,999 | 21 (40.4%) | 24 (46.2%) | 45 (43.3%) | |
| $50,000 or more | 20 (38.5%) | 13 (25.0%) | 33 (31.7%) | |
| Social support | ||||
| Married or partnered, n (%) | 26 (50.0%) | 24 (46.2%) | 50 (48.1%) | .69b |
| Diabetes social support, mean (SD) | 5.4 (1.3) | 5.3 (1.5) | 5.3 (1.4) | .73a |
| Antihyperglycemic medication, n (%) | .97b | |||
| No medications | 7 (14.0%) | 6 (12.2%) | 13 (13.1%) | |
| Only oral diabetes medication | 24 (48.0%) | 24 (49.0%) | 48 (48.5%) | |
| Insulin, with or without medication | 19 (38.0%) | 19 (38.8%) | 38 (38.4%) | |
| Medication adherence, n (%) | ||||
| Often or very often miss insulin dose/wk | 2 (10.0%) | 1 (4.8%) | 3 (7.3%) | .61c |
| Often or very often miss medication dose/wk | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.2%) | 1 (1.3%) | >.99c |
| General health | ||||
| Self-rated fair or poor general health, n (%) | 17 (32.7%) | 19 (36.5%) | 36 (34.6%) | .68b |
| Minimal depression,d n (%) | 37 (72.5) | 29 (55.8) | 66 (64.1) | .08b |
| Diabetes distress scalee | .83b | |||
| Little or no distress | 30 (57.7) | 33 (63.5) | 63 (60.6) | |
| Moderate distress | 15 (28.8) | 13 (25.0) | 28 (26.9) | |
| High distress | 7 (13.5) | 6 (11.5) | 13 (12.5) | |
| Physiological measures | ||||
| Hemoglobin A1c, %, mean (SD) | 7.8 (2.1) | 8.0 (1.6) | 7.9 (1.9) | .53a |
| Hemoglobin A1c, mmol/mol, mean (SD) | 62.0 (23.0) | 64.0 (17.5) | 63.0 (20.8) | .53a |
| Total cholesterol, mg/DL, mean (SD) | 155.3 (42.3) | 151.8 (40.1) | 153.5 (41.1) | .67a |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/DL, mean (SD) | 95.3 (33.8) | 90.1 (31.8) | 92.7 (32.8) | .43a |
| HDL Cholesterol, mg/DL, mean (SD) | 46.4 (15.2) | 49.6 (15.6) | 48.0 (15.4) | .28a |
| Total cholesterol / HDL cholesterol | 3.5 (1.0) | 3.2 (1.0) | 3.4 (1.0) | .12a |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 137.2 (19.5) | 137.8 (18.5) | 137.5 (18.9) | .87a |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 87.5 (13.2) | 86.4 (13.4) | 87.0 (13.2) | .69a |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 36.2 (7.4) | 35.4 (8.5) | 35.8 (7.9) | .59a |
| Waist circumference, inches, mean (SD) | 44.9 (6.3) | 45.3 (6.6) | 45.1 (6.4) | .73a |
| Diabetes duration, years, mean (SD) | 8.0 (6.9) | 10.5 (9.7) | 9.2 (8.5) | .14f |