Characteristics of Participants in the Cluster Randomized Trial
| All (N = 360)a | Control (n = 192) | Intervention (n = 168) | P valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 60.2 (12.1) | 61.1 (12.4) | 59.2 (11.8) | .14 |
| Female, No. (%) | 271 (75.3) | 140 (72.9) | 131 (78.0) | .32 |
| Blacks, No. (%) | 313 (87.4) | 155 (81.2) | 158 (94.6) | <.001 |
| Education, No. (%) | ||||
| ≤High school | 111 (31.2) | 58 (30.5) | 53 (31.9) | .05 |
| High school graduate | 151 (42.4) | 72 (37.9) | 79 (47.6) | |
| Some college, college graduate | 94 (26.4) | 60 (31.6) | 34 (20.5) | |
| Annual household income, No. (%) | ||||
| ≥$40,000 | 32 (8.9) | 22 (11.5) | 10 (6.0) | .10 |
| <$40,000 | 293 (81.4) | 155 (80.7) | 138 (82.1) | |
| Declined to report | 35 (9.7) | 15 (7.8) | 20 (11.9) | |
| Number of medications, mean (SD) | 7.7 (4.0 | 7.9 (4.0 | 7.5 (4.0 | .26 |
| Adherent to medications, No. (%)c | 189 (52.5) | 106 (55.2) | 83 (49.4) | .33 |
| Treated with insulin, No. (%) | 142 (39.4) | 75 (39.1) | 67 (39.9) | .99 |
| Baseline hemoglobin A1c, mean (SD), % | 7.9 (2.0) | 7.9 (1.9) | 8.0 (2.1) | .56 |
| Baseline body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 36.3 (8.5) | 36.0 (9.1) | 36.5 (7.7) | .57 |
| Baseline systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 135.2 (21.4) | 135.8 (21.2) | 134.6 (21.7) | .61 |
| Baseline LDL-C, mean (SD), mg/dL | 110.6 (38.2) | 111.6 (38.8) | 109.4 (37.6) | .59 |
| Baseline quality of life score, mean (SD)d | 0.76 (0.2) | 0.78 (0.2) | 0.74 (0.2) | .03 |
| Baseline diabetes distress score,* mean (SD)e | 2.1 (1.2) | 2.1 (1.2) | 2.1 (1.2) | .92 |
| Baseline activation score,* mean (SD)f | 27.8 (6.1) | 28.0 (6.7) | 27.5 (5.3) | .51 |
LDL-C = low density lipoprotein cholesterol; SD = standard deviation.
↵a Includes all participants who provided both baseline and follow-up data.
↵b P-values were derived from χ2 tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables.
↵c We assessed medication adherence using the 4-item Morisky scale (dichotomized as adherent or not).
↵d We assessed quality of life using the EuroQol 5D (range 0–1.0).
↵e We assessed diabetes distress using the Diabetes Distress Scale (range 1–6, with scores ≥3 indicative of moderate or greater distress).
↵f We assessed activation using the Patient Activation Measure (range 13–57).