Results of Univariate Analysis
| Characteristic | Crude OR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| Year | ||
| 2007 | 0.98 (0.81–1.18) | .79 |
| 2008 | 1.07 (0.9–1.29) | .45 |
| 2009 | 1.00 (Reference) | – |
| 2010 | 0.94 (0.78–1.13) | .5 |
| 2011 | 1.11 (0.92–1.32) | .27 |
| 2012 | 1.00 (0.83–1.21) | .98 |
| Department | ||
| Family medicine | 1.57 (1.38–1.79) | <.001 |
| Urgent care | 2.19 (1.9–2.52) | <.001 |
| Pediatrics | 1.00 (Reference) | – |
| Age | ||
| 5–11 y | 1.22 (1.1–1.39) | .004 |
| 12–18 y | 1.61 (1.4–1.86) | <.001 |
| 3 mo to 4 y | 1.00 (Reference) | – |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 1.05 (0.94–1.17) | .42 |
| Male | 1.00 (Reference) | – |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White (Non-Hispanic) | 1.63 (1.26–2.1) | <.001 |
| Other (Non-Hispanic) | 1.09 (0.75–1.58) | .65 |
| Hispanic | 1.27 (0.9–1.78) | .17 |
| Black (Non-Hispanic) | 1.00 (Reference) | – |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Yes | 1.17 (1.03–1.32) | .02 |
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | – |
| Health insurance | ||
| Medicaid | 0.84 (0.72–0.99) | .04 |
| None | 1.54 (1.34–1.78) | <.001 |
| Commercial | 1.00 (Reference) | – |
| Urbanization | ||
| Suburban | 1.25 (1.09–1.43) | .001 |
| Rural | 1.24 (1.04–1.48) | .02 |
| Urban | 1.00 (Reference) | – |
| Community economic hardship index | ||
| 20 to <30 | 1.00 (0.82–1.22) | .96 |
| ≥30 | 0.87 (0.65–1.16) | .33 |
| <20 | 1.00 (Reference) | – |
| Community education level (percentage with some college education) | ||
| <50% | 1.23 (1.02–1.48) | .03 |
| 50 to <70% | 1.02 (0.9–1.15) | .76 |
| ≥70% | 1.00 (Reference) | – |