Table 4

Association Between the Quality of Diabetes Care (Intermediate Outcomes) and the Prevalence of Diabetes and Diabetes-Concordant and Diabetes-Discordant Conditions

Condition	<3,000 Patients (n = 1,376) % (95% CI)	3,000 to 6,000 Patients (n = 2,466) % (95% CI)	6,001 to 10,000 Patients (n = 2,354) % (95% CI)	>10,000 Patients (n = 1,688) % (95% CI)	All Practices (N = 7,884) % (95% CI)
Diabetes	0.06 (−0.32 to −0.44)	0.04 (−0.22 to 0.31)	0.08 (−0.22 to 0.36)	0.25 (−0.11 to 0.60)	0.06 (−0.09 to 0.22)
Diabetes concordant
Obesity	0.27 (0.15 to 0.39)^a	0.27 (0.18 to 0.36)^a	0.28 (0.18 to 0.37)^a	0.08 (−0.04 to 0.20)	0.24 (0.19 to 0.29)^a
Hypertension	−0.21 (−0.40 to −0.02)^a	−0.23 (−0.37 to −0.08)^a	−0.33 (−0.49 to −0.18)^a	−0.22 (−0.40 to −0.04)^a	−0.22 (−0.30 to −0.14)^a
CHD	−0.28 (−0.97 to 0.40)	−0.43 (−0.93 to 0.07)	0.09 (−0.45 to 0.62)	−0.20 (−0.86 to 0.45)	−0.31 (−0.59 to −0.02)^a
CKD	0.36 (0.11 to 0.60)^a	0.30 (0.13 to 0.47)^a	0.26 (0.10 to 0.41)^a	0.32 (0.15 to 0.50)^a	0.30 (0.21 to 0.39)^a
Stroke and TIA	0.28 (−0.94 to 1.48)	−0.15 (−1.07 to 0.76)	0.11 (−0.89 to 1.08)	0.53 (−0.71 to 1.72)	0.14 (−0.37 to 0.65)
Atrial fibrillation	−0.57 (−1.90 to 0.72)	1.30 (0.38 to 2.19)^a	2.39 (1.45 to 3.32)^a	1.17 (0.02 to 2.29)^a	0.97 (0.46 to 1.48)^a
Heart failure	1.19 (−0.39 to 2.71)	1.30 (0.21 to 2.36)^a	−0.26 (−1.45 to 0.90)	1.42 (0.01 to 2.77)^a	0.98 (0.36 to 1.60)^a
Diabetes discordant
Asthma	−0.22 (−0.55 to 0.11)	0.18 (−0.05 to 0.42)	−0.26 (−0.51 to −0.01)^a	0.01 (−0.29 to 0.30)	−0.07 (−0.20 to 0.07)
Cancer	2.01 (1.09 to 2.91)^a	0.81 (0.16 to 1.46)^a	0.22 (−0.46 to 0.89)	0.56 (−0.14 to 1.26)	0.89 (0.53 to 1.25)^a
COPD	0.99 (0.33 to 1.64)^a	0.85 (0.38 to 1.33)^a	0.89 (0.36 to 1.42)^a	1.12 (0.45 to 1.78)^a	0.95 (0.68 to 1.23)^a
Dementia	0.38 (−0.69 to 1.42)	0.42 (−0.34 to 1.18)	−0.09 (−1.16 to 0.95)	−0.63 (−1.91 to 0.61)	0.17 (−0.30 to 0.64)
Depression	0.10 (−0.05 to 0.24)	−0.05 (−0.15 to 0.05)	0.08 (−0.02 to 0.18)	0.05 (−0.06 to 0.16)	0.03 (−0.03 to 0.08)
Epilepsy	0.39 (−1.15 to 1.87)	−2.46 (−3.78 to −1.18)^a	−1.74 (−3.23 to −0.30)^a	−2.97 (−4.86 to −1.14)^a	−1.58 (−2.30 to −0.87)^a
Hypothyroidism	0.33 (−0.18 to 0.85)	0.28 (−0.09 to 0.65)	−0.16 (−0.56 to 0.24)	−0.08 (−0.52 to 0.36)	0.13 (−0.08 to 0.34)
Severe mental health disorder	−1.76 (−2.58 to −0.95)^a	−0.54 (−1.34 to 0.24)	−0.04 (−0.91 to 0.82)	−1.06 (−2.25 to 0.11)	−0.95 (−1.35 to −0.56)^a

CHD = coronary heart disease; CKD = chronic kidney disease; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; TIA = transient ischemic attack.
Note: Based on multivariate linear regression analysis. Dependent variable is the logit–transformed achievement rate of intermediate outcomes indicators. Independent variables are the prevalence of diabetes and conditions concordant and discordant to diabetes. Analysis adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, number of general practitioners, Carr-Hill list size, and exception rate. Coefficients have been back-transformed to percentages from logit-transformed achievement rates. β is the fully adjusted, absolute percentage change in achievement rate across the overall intermediate outcomes, per 1% change in prevalence.
↵a P <.05.