Baseline Participant Characteristics From Original RCT and Current 24 Month Follow-Up, Overall and by Study Arm
| All Participants at Baseline (n = 441) | All Participants in 12- and 24-Month Analysis (n = 290) | Usual Care Arm Participants in 12- and 24-Month Analysis (n = 133) | Health Coaching Arm Participants in 12- and 24-Month Analysis (n = 157) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | ||||
| Clinic site, % (No.) | ||||
| Clinic site A | 75.3 (332) | 76.2 (221) | 77.4 (103) | 75.2 (118) |
| Clinic site B | 24.7 (109) | 23.8 (69) | 22.6 (30) | 24.8 (39) |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 52.7 (11.1) | 53.2 (10.8) | 52.5 (11.5) | 53.7 (10.2) |
| Female sex, % (No.) | 55.3 (244) | 56.6 (164) | 62.4 (83) | 51.6 (81) |
| Married or in long-term relationship, % (No.) | 53.1 (234) | 51.97 (150) | 57.1 (76) | 47.1 (74) |
| Born in United States, % (No.) | 25.6 (113) | 26.6 (77) | 25.6 (34) | 27.4 (43) |
| Years in United States, mean (SD)a | 18.2 (11.2) | 18.6 (11.0) | 17.4 (11.6) | 19.6 (10.4) |
| Primary language, % (No.) | ||||
| English | 27.7 (122) | 28.3 (82) | 27.1 (36) | 29.3 (46) |
| Spanish | 68.7 (303) | 69.0 (200) | 70.7 (94) | 67.5 (106) |
| Other | 3.6 (16) | 2.8 (8) | 2.3 (3) | 3.2 (5) |
| Race/Ethnicity, % (No.) | ||||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 4.1 (18) | 3.5 (10) | 4.5 (6) | 2.6 (4) |
| African American | 19.0 (84) | 20.0 (58) | 19.6 (26) | 20.4 (32) |
| Latino or Hispanic | 70.1 (309) | 69.7 (202) | 71.4 (95) | 68.2 (107) |
| White | 2.5 (11) | 2.8 (8) | 3.0 (4) | 2.6 (4/) |
| Other | 4.3 (19) | 4.1 (12) | 3.0 (4) | 6.4 (10) |
| Working status, % (No.) | ||||
| Employed full time | 18.6 (82) | 18.3 (53) | 17.3 (23) | 19.1 (30) |
| Employed part time | 25.6 (113) | 27.9 (81) | 29.6 (38) | 27.4 (43) |
| Homemaker | 13.8 (61) | 13.5 (39) | 16.5 (22) | 10.8 (17) |
| Unemployed | 16.1 (71) | 14.5 (42) | 16.5 (22) | 12.7 (20) |
| Retired, Disabled, SSI, other | 25.9 (114) | 25.9 (75) | 21.1 (28) | 29.9 (47) |
| Education, % (No.) | ||||
| <5th grade | 22.7 (100) | 23.1 (67) | 26.3 (35) | 20.4 (32) |
| 6th to 8th grade | 21.1 (93) | 21.0 (61) | 19.6 (26) | 22.3 (35) |
| Some high school | 13.4 (59) | 13.1 (38) | 12.0 (16) | 14.0 (22) |
| High school graduate or GED | 17.7 (78) | 16.9 (49) | 13.5 (18) | 19.8 (31) |
| Some college | 15.6 (69) | 15.9 (46) | 19.6 (26) | 12.7 (20) |
| College graduate | 9.5 (42) | 10.0 (29) | 9.0 (12) | 10.8 (17) |
| Income, % (No.) | ||||
| <$5,000 | 34.0 (150) | 33.5 (97) | 30.8 (41) | 35.7 (56) |
| $5,000–$10,000 | 24.3 (107) | 22.8 (66) | 21.8 (29) | 23.6 (37) |
| $10,000–$20,000 | 29.5 (130) | 33.5 (97) | 33.1 (44) | 33.8 (53) |
| >$20,000 | 12.2 (54) | 10.3 (30) | 14.3 (19) | 7.0 (11) |
| No. primary care visits in year before study, mean (SD) | 5.4 (3.9) | 5.2 (3.9) | 5.2 (4.2) | 5.3 (3.6) |
| Baseline Clinical Characteristics | ||||
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 31.6 (6.6) | 31.7 (6.0) | 31.7 (5.7) | 31.8 (6.2) |
| HbA1c, mean (SD), %b | 9.9 (1.5) | 9.8 (1.5) | 10.0 (1.5) | 9.6 (1.4) |
| LDL, mean (SD), mg/dLb | 146.5 (34.9) | 143.1 (32.2) | 143.9 (32.5) | 142.6 (32.3) |
| SBP, mean (SD), mm Hgb | 158.9 (15.1) | 159.3 (15.4) | 160.4 (16.6) | 158.3 (14.2) |
| Uncontrolled at baseline, % (No.) | ||||
| For 1 condition | 72.6 (320) | 74.5 (216) | 75.9 (101) | 73.3 (115) |
| For 2 conditions | 23.6 (104) | 22.1 (64) | 21.1 (28) | 22.9 (36) |
| For 3 conditions | 3.9 (17) | 3.5 (10) | 3.0 (4) | 3.8 (6) |
| For HbA1c | 35.8 (158) | 35.5 (103) | 33.1 (44) | 37.6 (59) |
| For SBP | 43.5 (192) | 44.8 (130) | 46.6 (62) | 43.3 (68) |
| For LDL | 51.9 (229) | 48.6 (141) | 47.4 (63) | 49.7 (78) |
HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SBP = systolic blood pressure; SSI = Supplemental Security Income
↵a For participants born outside the United States.
↵b Includes only patients eligible for the study on this measure (158 at baseline, and 103 at 24 months for HbA1c; 192 at baseline and 130 at 24 months for SBP; 218 at baseline, and 141 at 24 months for LDL).
Note: We found no significant differences between health coaching and usual care groups at 24 months.