Distribution of Scores and Reliability of the Patient Reported Experiences and Outcomes of Safety in Primary Care (PREOS-PC) Scales
| Domain | Construct | N | Score | Respondents With Lowest Possible Score, % | Respondents With Highest Possible Score, % | Internal Consistency | Test-Retest Reliabilitya ICCb (95% CI) | Practice Mean Scores | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Max | Mean (SD) | ||||||||||||
| Cronbach’s α, mean (min, max) | Inter-Item Correlation, mean (max, min) | Precision (standard error) | Intra-Cluster Correlation Coefficient (95%CI) | Reliability | Number of Responses Needed for 0.7 Reliability | |||||||||
| Practice activation | 1,132 | 9.09 | 100 | 83.69 (18.01) | 0 | 20.56 | 0.89 (0.86; 0.90) | 0.41 (0.39; 0.43) | 0.72 (0.55–0.83)c | 3.44 | 0.07 (0.03–0.11)c | 0.66 | 31 | |
| Patient activation | 966 | 0 | 100 | 25.1 (30.8) | 47.0 | 5.58 | 0.80 | 0.67 | 0.55 (0.25–0.75)c | 6.57 | 0.022 (0.001–0.050)c | 0.33 | 104 | |
| Experiences of safety problems | 1,171 | 0 | 72.72 | 4.8 (9.4) | 63.19 | 0 | 0.75 (0.71; 0.76) | 0.22 (0.20; 0.24) | 0.57 (0.37–0.72) | 1.83 | 0.02 (0.00–0.05) | 0.36 | 109 | |
| Outcomes of patient safety (harm) | Harm specific to the health domain | 1,053 | 0 | 100 | 4.7 (14.1) | 81.8 | 0.29 | 0.96 (0.95; 0.96) | 0.83 (0.82; 0.85) | 0.72 (0.55–0.83)c | 2.88 | 0.025 (0.001–0.053)c | 0.38 | 90 |
| Health care, personal care, and financial needs | 1,043 | 0 | 91.66 | 2.4 (10.8) | 92.6 | 0 | 0.88 (0.78; 0.89) | 0.72 (0.63; 0.80) | −0.02 (−0.29 to 0.26) | 2.23 | 0.019 (0.001–0.046)c | 0.31 | 118 | |
| Time to recover from harm (type specific) | 157 | 0 | 75 | 24.7 (26.7) | 37.7 | 0 | 0.81 (0.71; 0.86) | 0.52 (0.45; 0.67) | Not estimatedd | 13.59 | 0.057 (0.001–0.21) | 0.18 | 309e | |
| Time to recover from harm (overall) | 162 | 0 | 100 | 56.4 (41.6) | 27.6 | 32.27 | N/A | N/A | Not estimatedd | 19.50 | 0.17 (0.001–0.34)c | 0.45 | 85e | |
| Amount of harm experienced (overall) | 169 | 0 | 100 | 35.3 (26.3) | 3.0 | 0.60 | N/A | N/A | Not estimatedd | 13.57 | 0.000 (0.000–0.126) | – | – | |
| Impact on overall health | 168 | 0 | 100 | 25.4 (32.5) | 54.2 | 7.74 | N/A | N/A | Not estimatedd | 15.55 | 0.11 (0.001–0.256)c | 0.32 | 148e | |
| General perceptions of patient safety | Trustworthiness | 1,133 | 0 | 100 | 87.5 (16.1) | 0.3 | 56.78 | N/A | N/A | 0.26 (−0.02 to 0.50)c | 3.16 | 0.032 (0.002–0.061)c | 0.45 | 71 |
| Overall rating of patient safety | 1,139 | 0 | 100 | 86.0 (16.8) | 0.2 | 19.79 | N/A | N/A | 0.24 (−0.03 to 0.48)c | 3.29 | 0.029 (0.001–0.058)c | 0.43 | 78 | |
N/A = not applicable (single item scales).
↵a Based on data from 64 patients who completed the questionnaire again after 2 weeks.
↵b One-way random effects intra-class correlation coefficients.
↵c P <.05.
↵d Not enough data to conduct the analyses (fewer than 10 of the respondents who completed the retest questionnaires reported harm experiences).
↵e Responses needed to have sufficient cases reporting harm.