Weighted Total Prediabetes Prevalence, % (95% CI) of Adults Aged 20 Years or Older in the US Population Using Hemoglobin A1c Levels to Define Diabetes; NHANES 1988–1994 and 1999–2012
| Characteristic | 1988–1994 (n = 5,667) | 1999–2000 (n = 1,265) | 2001–2002 (n = 1,382) | 2003–2004 (n = 1,319) | 2005–2006 (n = 1,272) | 2007–2008 (n = 1,335) | 2009–2010 (n = 1,415) | 2011–2012 (n = 1,347) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prediabetes cases, No. (weighted total No.) | 917 (7,086,925) | 107 (3,318,187) | 119 (3,375,785) | 126 (3,963,758) | 138 (4,847,946) | 265 (9,029,950) | 292 (10,239,137) | 292 (10,869,265) |
| Prevalence of prediabetes | 10.2 (8.8–11.7) | 5.6 (3.7–8.4) | 5.9 (4.9–6.9) | 6.8 (5.4–8.5) | 8.3 (6.2–10.9) | 15.5 (13.0–18.4) | 17.7 (15.6–20.1) | 18.5 (15.1–22.4) |
| Age, y | ||||||||
| 20–44 | 4.2 (3.2–5.4) | 1.3 (0.5–3.3) | 2.7 (1.5–4.7) | 0.8 (0.4–1.8) | 1.9 (1.1–3.4) | 4.9 (3.5–6.8) | 5.1 (4.1–6.4) | 6.8 (4.7–9.7) |
| 45–64 | 16.5 (14.2–19.0) | 9.9 (5.2–18.0) | 7.7 (5.5–10.8) | 11.0 (7.6–15.5) | 11.9 (9.0–15.6) | 22.8 (18.0–28.3) | 30.4 (24.0–37.7) | 26.8 (20.3–34.6) |
| ≥65 | 30.6 (26.9–34.6) | 17.6 (12.7–23.9) | 18.3 (13.4–24.5) | 23.7 (18.5–29.8) | 25.5 (20.3–31.5) | 40.6 (32.7–48.9) | 42.6 (37.2–48.2) | 44.9 (36.1–54.1) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 12.7 (11.0–14.6) | 6.6 (3.9–10.8) | 6.90 (5.3–8.9) | 7.7 (6.0–9.9) | 9.0 (6.3–12.7) | 16.0 (12.8–19.8) | 17.1 (14.0–20.8) | 17.7 (13.0–23.6) |
| Female | 8.18 (6.7–10.0) | 4.7 (2.7–8.1) | 5.1 (3.6–7.2) | 6.1 (4.2–8.7) | 7.8 (5.7–10.6) | 15.2 (11.8–19.4) | 18.1 (15.5–21.2) | 19.1 (15.3–23.6) |
| Race | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 8.4 (6.9–10.2) | 4.7 (2.6–8.4) | 5.1 (3.8–6.8) | 5.4 (4.0–7.3) | 6.7 (4.2–10.8) | 14.8 (11.7–18.5) | 16.4 (13.8–19.3) | 18.3 (14.2–23.1) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 20.4 (18.4–22.6) | 9.1 (6.0–13.4) | 10.2 (6.6–15.4) | 10.8 (7.1–16.1) | 19.8 (13.4–28.4) | 25.6 (17.8–35.2) | 22.7 (16.0–31.1) | 24.6 (17.6–33.2) |
| Mexican American | 9.9 (8.1–12.1) | 4.3 (2.2–8.1) | 3.6 (1.5–8.5) | 3.8 (2.0–7.0) | 6.1 (3.0–12.1) | 12.2 (8.4–17.3) | 13.5 (8.8–20.0) | 16.8 (10.2–26.5) |
| Other | 16.4 (11.0–23.6) | 8.7 (4.2–17.2) | 9.8 (4.5–19.8) | 14.8 (9.1–23.3) | 12.0 (7.1–19.6) | 14.8 (8.7–24.1) | 23.2 (17.8–30.0) | 17.2 (13.2–22.1) |
| Poverty to income ratio (PIR) | ||||||||
| Poverty (PIR <1.0) | 14.5 (10.9–18.9) | 7.3 (4.5–11.6) | 5.1 (3.2–8.0) | 7.8 (5.3–11.3) | 9.8 (6.3–15.0) | 15.2 (10.5–21.5) | 18.4 (13.8–24.2) | 16.3 (6.8–34.3) |
| Not in poverty (PIR ≥1.0) | 9.3 (8.1–10.7) | 5.5 (3.5–8.4) | 5.9 (4.7–7.4) | 6.7 (5.2–8.6) | 7.6 (5.4–10.4) | 14.9 (12.4–17.8) | 17.0 (14.6–19.7) | 18.1 (15.2–21.4) |
| Health insurance | ||||||||
| Private | 9.1 (7.7–10.7) | 4.9 (2.8–8.3) | 4.6 (3.6–5.8) | 6.7 (5.1–8.7) | 6.9 (5.0–9.6) | 14.6 (11.8–17.9) | 16.2 (13.6–19.3) | 17.5 (13.7–22.1) |
| Public | 21.5 (17.3–26.5) | 13.3 (7.7–22.1) | 13.5 (9.6–18.7) | 11.5 (7.3–17.7) | 17.5 (13.6–22.2) | 25.5 (19.4–32.6) | 24.3 (19.5–29.8) | 27.9 (20.2–37.0) |
| None | 8.3 (5.0–13.6) | 4.5 (3.2–6.2) | 6.7 (4.7–9.4) | 3.7 (1.9–7.0) | 6.5 (3.5–11.6) | 12.4 (8.3–18.3) | 18.6 (13.8–24.5) | 13.0 (9.6–17.4) |
| Education | ||||||||
| <High school | 17.9 (15.4–20.7) | 10.6 (7.5–14.9) | 8.6 (5.8–12.6) | 9.8 (7.1–13.5) | 14.6 (10.1–20.7) | 21.9 (16.6–28.3) | 25.6 (21.2–30.4) | 31.6 (21.4–43.9) |
| High school | 10.0 (7.8–12.8) | 6.4 (3.5–11.6) | 8.1 (5.7–11.2) | 8.0 (5.7–11.0) | 10.7 (6.5–17.3) | 23.4 (17.6–30.4) | 16.3 (11.2–23.2) | 23.1 (16.3–31.7) |
| Some college/college degree | 6.7 (5.6–8.0) | 3.3 (1.7–6.4) | 4.2 (3.0–5.9) | 5.2 (3.6–7.6) | 5.7 (4.1–7.9) | 10.8 (8.1–14.3) | 16.3 (14.5–18.3) | 14.9 (11.3–19.3) |
| First-degree relative with diabetes | ||||||||
| Family history | 10.0 (8.5–11.8) | 7.1 (4.4–11.3) | 6.5 (5.1–8.3) | 7.0 (4.8–10.3) | 10.1 (6.7–14.8) | 21.0 (17.1–25.5) | 18.1 (14.8–21.9) | 21.2 (14.4–30.0) |
| No family history | 10.4 (8.7–12.4) | 4.6 (2.9–7.1) | 5.2 (4.0–6.8) | 6.9 (5.0–9.4) | 7.5 (5.4–10.4) | 13.2 (10.5–16.4) | 17.6 (15.3–20.1) | 17.6 (14.5–21.2) |
NHANES = National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey.