Characteristic | Poor Primary Care Coordination, Odds Ratio (95% CI)b | Care Coordination Gap, Odds Ratio (95% CI)c | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test/Records Not Available | Conflicting Information | Unnecessary Test Ordered | Specialist Not Informed | PCP Not Informed | ||
Country | ||||||
Australia | 0.5 (0.4–0.7)d | 0.5 (0.4–0.6)d | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.6 (0.5–0.7)d | 0.6 (0.5–0.8)d | 0.6 (0.5–0.8)d |
Canada | 0.5 (0.4–0.6)d | 0.6 (0.5–0.8)d | 0.7 (0.6–0.9)d | 0.4 (0.3–0.5)d | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) |
France | 0.6 (0.4–0.8)d | 0.6 (0.4–0.7)d | 0.7 (0.5–0.8)d | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) |
Germany | 0.5 (0.4–0.8)d | 0.4 (0.3–0.5)d | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 2.6 (2.0–3.3)d |
Netherlands | 0.3 (0.2–0.5)d | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 1.6 (1.2–2.0)d | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 0.4 (0.2–0.5)d | 0.3 (0.2–0.4)d |
New Zealand | 0.5 (0.3–0.8)d | 0.5 (0.4–0.7)d | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.5 (0.3–0.6)d | 0.6 (0.4–0.8)d | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) |
Norway | 0.5 (0.3–0.7)d | 0.3 (0.3–0.5)d | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7)d | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) |
Sweden | 0.5 (0.3–0.6)d | 0.6 (0.5–0.7)d | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3)d | 0.8 (0.7–1.1) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) |
Switzerland | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8)d | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 1.7 (1.3–2.1)d | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) |
United Kingdom | 0.3 (0.2–0.5)d | 0.5 (0.4–0.7)d | 0.4 (0.3–0.5)d | 0.5 (0.3–0.7)d | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 0.5 (0.3–0.7)d |
United States | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Age-group, y | ||||||
18–24 | 1.9 (1.4–2.7)d | 1.9 (1.5–2.4)d | 3.1 (2.5–3.8)d | 2.4 (1.8–3.0)d | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 1.3 (1.0–1.5) |
25–34 | 2.3 (1.7–3.0)d | 2.2 (1.8–2.8)d | 3.0 (2.4–3.6)d | 2.0 (1.6–2.5)d | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) |
35–49 | 2.2 (1.7–2.7)d | 2.3 (1.9–2.8)d | 2.6 (2.2–3.1)d | 1.9 (1.6–2.3)d | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.2 (1.1–1.5)d |
50–64 | 1.6 (1.2–2.0)d | 1.9 (1.6–2.3)d | 1.8 (1.6–2.1)d | 1.5 (1.3–1.8)d | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) |
≥65 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Regular doctor knows your medical history | ||||||
Often or always | 0.6 (0.5–0.7)d | 0.7 (0.6–0.8)d | 0.7 (0.6–0.8)d | 0.6 (0.5–0.7)d | 0.8 (0.7–0.9)d | 0.8 (0.7–0.9)d |
Never, rarely, or sometimes | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Regular doctor spends enough time with you | ||||||
Often or always | 0.6 (0.5–0.8)d | 0.7 (0.6–0.8)d | 0.6 (0.5–0.6)d | 0.7 (0.6–0.8)d | 0.8 (0.7–0.9)d | 0.8 (0.7–0.9)d |
Never, rarely, or sometimes | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Regular doctor involves you as much as you want | ||||||
Often or always | 0.6 (0.5–0.8)d | 0.8 (0.6–0.9)d | 0.7 (0.6–0.8)d | 0.8 (0.6–0.9)d | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9)d |
Never, rarely, or sometimes | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Regular doctor explains things well | ||||||
Often or always | 0.6 (0.5–0.7)d | 0.7 (0.6–0.9)d | 0.8 (0.7–0.9)d | 0.6 (0.5–0.7)d | 0.8 (0.7–0.9)d | 0.8 (0.6–0.9)d |
Never, rarely, or sometimes | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
PCP = primary care physician.
↵a Parameters included in each model also included sex, household income, health status, number of doctors seen in the last year, and number of medications. Full regression analysis results are available online (Supplemental Appendix 3, available at http://www.AnnFamMed.org/content/15/2/113/suppl/DC1/).
↵b Had at least 3 gaps out of a possible 5.
↵c Gaps in detail: test/records not available at scheduled appointment; conflicting information received for medical care; unnecessary test ordered as it had already been done; specialist not informed by PCP; and PCP not informed by specialist.
↵d P <.05 after adjusting for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni method.