Table 1

Health Indicators of Respondents

Indicator	Developmental Disability % (95% CI)	No Developmental Disability % (95% CI)	Prevalence Ratio % (95% CI)^a
Health status: fair or poor
0–18 y^b	27.7 (22.7–32.6)	1.1 (0.8–1.4)	25.3 (18.5–34.6)^c
19–30 y^d	42.8 (33.0–52.6)	6.7 (5.9–7.6)	6.3 (4.9–8.2)^c
31–64 y^e	71.0 (66.6–75.3)	11.3 (10.7–11.8)	6.3 (5.8–6.8)^c
≥65 y^f	76.0 (67.4–84.6)	4.3 (3.8–4.9)	4.3 (3.8–4.9)^c
Utilization^g
≥2 Overnight hospitalizations
0–18 y	8.5 (5.5–11.4)	0.7 (0.5–.0.9)	12.3 (7.7–19.6)^c
19–30 y	14.2 (7.0–21.5)	2.3 (1.8–2.8)	6.1 (3.5–10.7)^c
31–64 y	13.8 (10.8–16.8)	2.2 (2.0–2.5)	6.2 (4.8–7.9)^c
≥65 y	17.5 (10.2–24.8)	4.6 (4.0–5.1)	3.8 (2.5–5.9)^c
≥2 Emergency department visits
0–18 y	23.8 (19.1–28.6)	7.0 (6.3–7.7)	3.4 (2.7–4.3)^c
19–30 y	37.0 (27.4–46.6)	11.6 (10.5–12.7)	3.2 (2.4–4.2)^c
31–64 y	36.8 (32.2–41.4)	6.3 (5.9–6.8)	5.8 (5.0–6.7)^c
≥65 y	34.5 (24.1–44.9)	5.7 (5.0–6.3)	6.1 (4.4–8.4)^c
Quality^g
Primary care physician usually or always spends enough time with patient
0–18 y	91.6 (88.0–95.1)	90.8 (89.9–91.8)	1.01 (0.97–1.05)
19–30 y	70.0 (54.5–85.5)	82.6 (80.5–84.7)	0.85 (0.68–1.06)
31–64 y	83.2 (78.9–87.5)	90.8 (90.2–91.5)	0.92 (0.87–0.96)
≥65 y	75.5 (63.9–87.0)	92.7 (91.9–93.5)	0.81 (0.70–0.95)^c
Primary care physician usually or always explains things well
0–18 y	94.7 (91.4–98.0)	96.4 (95.8–96.9)	0.98 (0.95–1.02)
19–30 y	89.7 (80.7–98.6)	94.5 (93.2–95.7)	0.95 (0.86–1.05)
31–64 y	84.5 (80.0–89.0)	96.0 (95.5–96.4)	0.88 (0.84–0.93)^c
≥65 y	83.0 (73.2–92.9)	95.0 (94.4–95.7)	0.87 (0.78–0.98)^c
Access^g
Usual source of care
0–18 y	98.8 (97.5–100.0)	95.5 (95.0–96.0)	1.03 (1.02–1.05)^h
19–30 y	88.5 (83.0–93.9)	83.2 (82.0–84.4)	1.06 (1.00–1.13)
31–64 y	93.0 (90.2–95.9)	91.4 (90.9–91.9)	1.02 (0.99–1.05)
≥65 y	96.7 (93.2–100.0)	96.1 (95.6–96.6)	1.01 (0.97–1.04)
Delayed treatment
0–18 y	10.1 (6.8–13.4)	2.4 (2.0–2.8)	4.2 (2.9–6.0)^c
19–30 y	23.2 (15.1–31.3)	14.3 (13.1–15.5)	1.6 (1.1–2.3)^h
31–64 y	32.5 (27.9–37.1)	15.6 (15.0–16.3)	2.1 (1.8–2.4)^c
≥65 y	14.9 (7.6–22.2)	6.9 (6.2–7.6)	2.2 (1.3–3.6)^h
Problem getting needed care
0–18 y	13.7 (10.1–17.4)	2.1 (1.7–2.5)	6.4 (4.7–8.9)^c
19–30 y	16.2 (9.0–23.4)	5.4 (4.6–6.2)	3.0 (1.9–4.8)^c
31–64 y	23.1 (19.1–27.1)	4.9 (4.5–5.3)	4.7 (3.9–5.8)^c
≥65 y	17.5 (8.5–26.5)	2.4 (2.0–2.8)	7.3 (4.2–12.6)^c
Received same-day care urgent needs
0–18 y	47.5 (41.3–53.7)	61.1 (59.6–62.7)	0.78 (0.68–0.89)^c
19–30 y	34.7 (14.5–55.0)	38.6 (34.2–43.0)	0.90 (0.50–1.63)
31–64 y	28.9 (22.3–35.4)	42.8 (40.9–44.6)	0.68 (0.54–0.85)^h
≥65 y	12.5 (1.1–24.0)	42.2 (39.5–44.9)	0.30 (0.12–0.74)^h
Waited 2 or more days for urgent needs
0–18 y	29.9 (24.3–35.5)	16.1 (14.9–17.3)	1.9 (1.5–2.3)^c
19–30 y	38.2 (17.7–58.6)	34.3 (30.0–38.6)	1.1 (0.64–1.9)
31–64 y	48.0 (40.8–55.3)	30.2 (28.5–31.9)	1.6 (1.4–1.9)^c
≥65 y	44.0 (24.6–63.4)	29.0 (26.4–31.5)	1.5 (0.97–2.4)
Usually or always received needed after-hours care from primary care physician
0–18 y	59.4 (53.0–65.7)	61.6 (60.0–63.2)	0.96 (0.86–1.08)
19–30 y	53.8 (24.0–83.6)	59.6 (53.7–65.5)	0.90 (0.51–1.59)
31–64 y	44.9 (35.6–54.2)	48.5 (45.6–51.4)	0.92 (0.75–1.15)
≥65 y	46.8 (23.9–69.8)	56.5 (51.8–61.2)	0.83 (0.50–1.36)
Problem seeing a specialistⁱ
0–18 y	24.6 (19.2–30.0)	19.3 (17.0–21.6)	1.3 (0.99–1.6)
19–30 y	52.3 (38.6–66.1)	26.8 (23.7–30.0)	2.0 (1.5–2.6)^c
31–64 y	47.6 (41.8–53.4)	19.7 (18.4–21.0)	2.4 (2.1–2.8)^c
≥65 y	45.8 (32.5–59.1)	12.9 (11.5–14.2)	3.6 (2.6–4.9)^c
Unmet health care need^g
Dental
0–18 y	8.3 (5.1–11.4)	3.3 (2.8–3.8)	2.5 (1.7–3.8)^c
19–30 y	34.2 (24.7–43.8)	14.0 (12.8–15.2)	2.4 (1.8–3.3)^c
31–64 y	34.4 (29.9–38.9)	10.0 (9.5–10.6)	3.4 (3.0–3.9)^c
≥65 y	20.8 (12.2–29.3)	5.0 (4.5–5.6)	4.1 (2.7–6.3)^c
Vision
0–18 y	5.0 (2.6–7.3)	1.8 (1.4–2.2)	2.8 (1.7–4.6)^c
19–30 y	28.7 (19.4–38.0)	8.0 (7.0–8.9)	3.6 (2.6–5.1)^c
31–64 y	31.3 (26.9–35.7)	9.5 (9.0–10.0)	3.3 (2.8–3.8)^c
≥65 y	24.4 (14.9–34.0)	5.5 (4.9–6.1)	4.4 (2.9–6.6)^c
Prescription
0–18 y	9.7 (6.4–13.0)	1.7 (1.4–2.0)	5.7 (3.9–8.4)^c
19–30 y	24.8 (16.2–33.4)	12.4 (11.2–13.5)	2.0 (1.4–2.9)^h
31–64 y	28.3 (24.1–32.5)	14.2 (13.5–14.8)	2.0 (1.7–2.3)^c
≥65 y	24.6 (15.1–34.0)	9.3 (8.5–10.1)	2.6 (1.8–3.9)^c
Other (eg, medical examination, medical supply)
0–18 y	10.6 (7.3–13.9)	1.7 (1.4–2.0)	6.3 (4.4–9.1)^c
19–30 y	27.5 (18.6–36.3)	6.3 (5.5–7.2)	4.3 (3.1–6.2)^c
31–64 y	26.2 (22.0–30.5)	6.1 (5.6–6.5)	4.3 (3.6–5.2)^c
≥65 y	10.5 (5.2–15.7)	2.3 (1.8–2.7)	4.6 (2.7–7.9)^c
≥1 Unmet need
0–18 y	19.6 (15.2–24.0)	5.7 (5.0–6.3)	3.5 (2.7–4.4)^c
19–30 y	55.9 (46.1–65.8)	25.6 (24.1–27.1)	2.2 (1.8–2.6)^c
31–64 y	61.2 (56.6–65.8)	25.4 (24.6–26.1)	2.4 (2.2–2.6)^c
≥65 y	50.1 (39.7–60.3)	16.8 (15.8–17.8)	3.0 (2.4–3.7)^c

Note: Because individuals with developmental disabilities represent a small percentage of the population, some outcomes were endorsed by a small number of respondents.
↵a Prevalence ratios and P values are for the difference in health indicators between people with and without developmental disabilities within each age-group.
↵b Developmental disability, n = 419; no developmental disability, n = 7,701.
↵c P <.001.
↵d Developmental disability, n = 148; no developmental disablility, n = 5,225.
↵e Developmental disability, n = 779; no developmental disability, n = 19,369.
↵f Developmental disability, n = 178; no developmental disability, n = 10,044.
↵g During the past 12 months.
↵h P ≤.01.
↵i Among respondents who needed specialist care (19.3% of children with a developmental disability and 78.4% of children with no developmental disability did not need specialist care; 34.7% of adults with a developmental disability aged 19 years and older and 67.1% of adults with no developmental disability aged 19 years and older did not need specialist care).