Table 2

Adjusted Hazard of Receiving an Allopurinol Prescription

	Hazard Ratio	95% CI
Eligible for allopurinol (ever)
Not eligible	1 [referent]	1 [referent]
CKD	3.48	2.31–5.26
Diuretic therapy	2.49	2.10–2.94
≥2 Consultations for gout in 12 months	3.88	3.22–4.68
Tophi	2.10	1.10–4.00
Urolithiasis	2.33	1.44–3.78
Age at diagnosis of gout^a	1.00	0.99–1.01
Male	0.59	0.51–0.69
Overweight (BMI >25kg/m^b)
Not overweight (BMI ≤25kg/m^b)	1 [reference]	1 [reference]
Overweight	1.14	1.02–1.27
Not recorded	0.88	0.74–1.04
Exposure to alcohol
Never exposed	1 [reference]	1 [reference]
Ever exposed to alcohol	1.07	0.93–1.24
Not recorded	0.80	0.65–0.99
Charlson comorbidity score^a	0.84	0.81–0.88
Number of consultations for gout^a (during entire follow-up)	1.05	1.02–1.08
Number of consultations for any reason (during entire follow-up)
Quartile 1 (0–34)	1 [reference]	1 [reference]
Quartile 2 (34–64)	0.44	0.37–0.61
Quartile 3 (65–119)	0.20	0.16–0.24
Quartile 4 (≥120)	0.07	0.05–0.09
Time-varying covariates^c
Male	1.007	1.004–1.011
Number of consultations for gout^a (during entire follow-up)	1.002	1.001–1.002
Number of consultations for any reason (during entire follow-up)
Quartile 1 (0–34)	1 [reference]	1 [reference]
Quartile 2 (34–64)	1.005	1.001–1.009
Quartile 3 (65–119)	1.009	1.005–1.037
Quartile 4 (≥120)	1.015	1.012–1.020
Eligible for allopurinol (ever)
Not eligible	1 [referent]	1 [referent]
CKD	0.990	0.982–0.999
Diuretic therapy	0.991	0.988–0.994
≥2 consultations for gout in 12 mo	0.985	0.980–0.989
Tophi	0.994	0.979–1.008
Urolithiasis	0.990	0.982–0.999

ACR = American College of Rheumatology; BMI = body mass index; CKD = chronic kidney disease; EULAR = European League Against Rheumatism.
Note: Model is adjusted for all listed variables and clustering by practice.
↵a Denotes a continuous variable.
↵b Eligibility according to the EULAR and ACR guidelines.^5,6