Hazard Ratios for Deaths Due to All Causes, All Natural Causes, and All Unnatural Causes
| Cause of Deathb | Follow-up Period | Self-Harm Cohort | Hazard Ratioa (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deaths, No. | % per 1,000 Person-Years | Unadjusted | Adjustedc | ||
| All causes | ≤1 y | 301 | 11.1 | 9.92 (8.63–11.40) | 3.59 (3.08–4.19) |
| >1 y | 673 | 6.3 | 3.92 (3.61–4.27) | 1.70 (1.54–1.88) | |
| All natural causes | ≤1 y | 126 | 4.6 | 4.79 (3.94–5.82) | 1.51 (1.11–1.87) |
| >1 y | 459 | 4.3 | 2.98 (2.69–3.29) | 1.25 (1.11–1.40) | |
| All unnatural causes | ≤1 y | 175 | 6.4 | 43.31 (33.20–56.49) | 21.11 (15.83–28.15) |
| >1 y | 214 | 2.0 | 12.53 (10.48–14.99) | 5.65 (4.60–6.94) | |
↵a Two-stage hazard ratios for the self-harm cohort vs the comparison cohort.
↵b Deaths were delineated using International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes: unnatural death, codes V01-Y98; natural death, any code other than V01-Y98.
↵c Adjusted for visit frequency in previous 12 months, history of psychiatric diagnoses, history of mental health referral, history of psychotropic medication prescribing, history of alcohol misuse, and smoking status.