Table 3

Factors Associated With Observed Odds of Rural Primary Care Physicians Moving to Metropolitan Counties

Factor	Odds Ratio (95% CI)

	Aged ≤45 y (n=70,568)	Aged 46–65 y (n=100,374)
Female	1.24 (1.18 to 1.30)^a	1.46 (1.37 to 1.54)^a
Family physician	0.86 (0.82 to 0.90)^a	0.99 (0.94 to 1.04)
Osteopathic	1.02 (0.94 to 1.10)	1.25 (1.15 to 1.35)^a
International medical graduate	1.65 (1.53 to 1.77)^a	1.41 (1.31 to 1.53)^a
Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA)	1.05 (0.99 to 1.11)	1.06 (1.00 to 1.13)
Born in rural area	0.57 (0.53 to 0.62)^a	0.64 (0.59 to 0.70)^a
Primary care physician supply (PPR per 1,000 residents)	0.77 (0.71 to 0.84)^a	0.74 (0.66 to 0.82)^a
No hospital in county	1.09 (0.97 to 1.23)	1.02 (0.89 to 1.17)
RUCC category (reference: 8 or 9)
4 or 5	0.92 (0.83 to 1.03)	0.90 (0.80 to 1.01)
6 or 7	0.93 (0.84 to 1.03)	0.98 (0.87 to 1.09)
Adjacent to metropolitan	1.10 (1.05 to 1.16)^a	1.28 (1.21 to 1.36)^a
Median household income (per $10,000)	1.08 (1.03 to 1.14)^a	1.07 (1.02 to 1.13)^a
Median house price (per $100,000)	0.94 (0.89 to 1.00)	1.07 (1.01 to 1.13)^b
Unemployment rate (%)	1.012 (1.002 to 1.032)^b	1.012 (0.995 to 1.029)
Population aged ≥65 years (%)	0.984 (0.977 to 0.991)^a	1.004 (0.996 to 1.013)
Population race/ethnicity (%)
Non-Hispanic African American	1.000 (0.997 to 1.002)	1.005 (1.002 to 1.008)^a
Hispanic	1.004 (1.001 to 1.007)^b	1.003 (1.000 to 1.006)

PPR = primary care physician–to-population ratio; RUCC = Rural-Urban Continuum Code.
↵a P <.01.
↵b P <.05.