Association of Practice Ownership With Work Environment, Learning Culture, Psychological Safety, and Burnout, Clinician Respondents
| Characteristic | Culture of Learninga β (95% CI) | Enjoyment With Worka β (95% CI) | Place of Joy and Hopea β (95% CI) | Psychological Safetya β (95% CI) | Burnouta β (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Practice ownership | |||||
| Independent | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Hospital | −0.131 (−0.409 to 0.146) | 0.094 (−0.243 to 0.430) | −0.063 (−0.403 to 0.276) | 0.100 (−0.242 to 0.443) | −0.192 (−0.545 to 0.161) |
| FQHC | −0.470 (−0.919 to −0.021)b | −0.552 (−0.996 to −0.109)b | −0.567 (−1.089 to −0.045)b | −0.723 (−1.194 to −0.252)c | 0.219 (−0.317 to 0.755) |
| Incremental difference between FQHC and independent practices by response category | |||||
| Response categorya | Difference | Difference | Difference | Difference | Difference |
| Level 1 | 0.108 | 0.033 | 0.045 | 0.088 | −0.055 |
| Level 2 | 0.071 | 0.088 | 0.081 | 0.122 | −0.021 |
| Level 3 | −0.009 | 0.083 | 0.089 | 0.060 | 0.033 |
| Level 4 | −0.109 | −0.117 | −0.129 | −0.153 | 0.019 |
| Level 5 | −0.061 | −0.088 | −0.086 | −0.116 | 0.024 |
| No. of respondents | 467 | 466 | 466 | 467 | 466 |
FQHC = federally qualified health center.
Note: Multivariate ordered probit models adjusted for practice-level nonresponse and clustering at the practice level and controlling for ownership (independent, hospital system, or federally qualified health center), whether practice is located in a medical underserved area, practice size, single or multispecialty practice, percentage of patients with Medicare coverage, and percentage of patients with Medicaid coverage or uninsured.
↵a Scored on a scale from 1 to 5, in which higher scores indicate higher levels; see text for response categories.
↵b P < .05.
↵c P < .01.