Primary and Secondary Outcomes in the Total Trial Population
| Outcome | Usual Care Group, No. (%) (n = 13,410) | Access to Booklet Group, No. (%) (n = 11,945) | Access to Booklet, OR (95% CI) | Use of Booklet, No. (%) (n = 3,407) | Use of Booklet, Unadjusted OR (95% CI)a | Use of Booklet, Adjusted OR (95% CI)b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcome | ||||||
| Antibiotic prescription during index consultation | 3,375 (25.2) | 2,809 (23.5) | 0.90 (0.79-1.02) | 746 (21.9) | 0.83 (0.74-0.94)c | 0.85 (0.75-0.97)c,d |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||||
| Reconsultation of OOH within 2 wk | 861 (5.5) | 741 (5.4) | 0.95 (0.83-1.09) | 165 (4.3) | 0.97 (0.80-1.16) | 0.95 (0.79-1.15) |
| Antibiotic prescription OOH from index consultation through 2-wk follow-up | 3,570 (26.6) | 2,975 (24.9) | 0.90 (0.79-1.02) | 797 (23.4) | 0.84 (0.75-0.95)c | 0.86 (0.76-0.96)c,d |
| Reconsultation of OOH during 6-mo study period | 1,262 (8.1) | 1,145 (8.3) | 0.99 (0.84-1.18) | 283 (7.3) | 0.97 (0.74-1.29) | 0.94 (0.71-1.25) |
| Referral to secondary care at index consultatione | 1,066 (7.9) | 893 (7.5) | 1.03 (0.87-1.21) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Prescription of any kind | 5,162 (38.5) | 4,245 (35.5) | 0.87 (0.77-0.97)c | 1,114 (32.7) | 0.77 (0.70-0.86)c | 0.79 (0.71-0.87)c,d |
n/a = not applicable because parents of children who were referred did not receive the booklet; OOH = out-of-hours care; OR = odds ratio.
↵a Compared with control group. Corrected for center size.
↵b Compared with control group. Adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status.
↵c Significant difference compared with control group (P <.05).
↵d Significant difference compared with control group (P <.05). In complier-adjusted causal effect (CACE) analysis, OR (95% CI) was 0.71 (0.63-0.79) for antibiotic prescription during index consultation; 0.83 (0.75-0.93) for antibiotic prescription during index consultation and 2-wk follow-up; 0.62 (0.57-0.69) for prescription of any kind.
↵e Total of 187 (5.5%) of the children in booklet group were referred.