Association of Practice Ownership With Work Environment, Learning Culture, Psychological Safety and Burnout, Staff Respondents
| Characteristic | Culture of Learninga β (95% CI) | Enjoyment With Worka β (95% CI) | Place of Joy and Hopea β (95% CI) | Psychological Safetya β (95% CI) | Burnouta β (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ownership | |||||
| Independent | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Hospital-owned | 0.111 (−0.157 to 0.378) | 0.282 (−0.007 to 0.571) | 0.275 (−0.012 to 0.562) | 0.372 (0.131 to 0.613)b | −0.328 (−0.608 to −0.049)c |
| FQHC | −0.018 (−0.367 to 0.331) | −0.063 (−0.446 to 0.321) | −0.085 (−0.443 to 0.274) | −0.157 (−0.456 to 0.141) | −0.066 (−0.411 to 0.280) |
| Incremental difference between hospital-owned and independent practices by response category | |||||
| Response categorya | Difference | Difference | Difference | Difference | Difference |
| Level 1 | −0.020 | −0.020 | −0.017 | −0.030 | 0.116 |
| Level 2 | −0.044 | −0.044 | −0.040 | −0.056 | −0.018 |
| Level 3 | −0.041 | −0.041 | −0.049 | −0.057 | −0.051 |
| Level 4 | 0.044 | 0.044 | 0.045 | 0.060 | −0.026 |
| Level 5 | 0.061 | 0.061 | 0.062 | 0.082 | −0.021 |
| No. of respondents | 1,503 | 1,503 | 1,503 | 1,506 | 1,472 |
FQHC = federally qualified health center.
Note: Multivariate ordered probit models adjusted for practice-level nonresponse and clustering at the practice level and controlling for ownership (independent, hospital system, or federally qualified health center), whether practice is located in a medical underserved area, practice size, single or multispecialty practice, percentage of patients with Medicare coverage, and percentage of patients with Medicaid coverage or uninsured.
↵a Scored on a scale from 1 to 5, in which higher scores indicate higher levels; see text for response categories.
↵b P <.01.
↵c P <.05.