Factors Associated With Primary Care Clinicians’ Willingness to Provide Routine Care for Transgender Patients and Pap Tests for Transgender Men (N = 140)
| Routine Care for Transgender Patients | Pap Test for Transgender Men | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | P Value | No. (%) | P Value | |
| Clinician characteristics | ||||
| Age (mean, SD) | .042 | .246 | ||
| Willing | 38.7 (13.2) | 39.0 (13.4) | ||
| Not willing | 45.3 (13.5) | 42.2 (13.3) | ||
| Sex | .262 | .511 | ||
| Male | 89.7 | 75.9 | ||
| Female | 82.9 | 80.5 | ||
| Continent of origin | .002 | .044 | ||
| North America/Caribbean | 92.3 | 83.5 | ||
| Other | 72.9 | 68.8 | ||
| Political views | .379 | .101 | ||
| Liberal | 89.4 | 86.4 | ||
| Moderate | 80.4 | 72.5 | ||
| Conservative | 87.0 | 69.6 | ||
| Specialty | .940 | .020 | ||
| Internal medicine | 85.6 | 73.2 | ||
| Family medicine | 86.0 | 90.7 | ||
| Clinician type | .156 | .165 | ||
| Resident | 90.4 | 83.6 | ||
| Advanced practitioner | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Attending MD | 79.7 | 71.9 | ||
| Exposure | ||||
| Ever met a transgender person | .020 | <.001 | ||
| Yes | 89.6 | 85.8 | ||
| No | 73.5 | 55.9 | ||
| Transgender patient in past 5 years | .022 | .012 | ||
| Yes | 92.0 | 86.7 | ||
| No | 78.5 | 69.2 | ||
| Barriers & facilitators | ||||
| Empathy (mean, SD) | .035 | .083 | ||
| Willing | 5.5 (1.4) | 5.5 (1.3) | ||
| Not willing | 4.8 (1.6) | 4.9 (1.8) | ||
| Transphobia (mean, SD) | .007 | <.001 | ||
| Willing | 3.1 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | ||
| Not willing | 3.8 (1.3) | 3.8 (1.1) | ||
| Lack of training on transgender health | .240 | .006 | ||
| Yes | 82.1 | 68.7 | ||
| No | 89.0 | 87.7 | ||
| Lack of exposure to transgender patients | .022 | .013 | ||
| Yes | 76.9 | 67.3 | ||
| No | 90.9 | 85.2 | ||
| Lack of knowledge about transgender | .018 | .018 | ||
| care among staff | ||||
| Yes | 75.6 | 66.7 | ||
| No | 90.5 | 84.2 | ||
| Lack of familiarity with guidelines | .782 | .027 | ||
| Yes | 84.9 | 71.2 | ||
| No | 86.6 | 86.6 | ||
| Capable of providing routine care | <.001 | .043 | ||
| Yes | 99.0 | 83.3 | ||
| No | 56.8 | 68.2 | ||
Pap = Papanicoulou.