Short communicationsSmoking and diabetes: Readiness for change and provider advice☆
Section snippets
Participants
A thorough description of the total recruitment sample characteristics can be found in Ruggiero et al. (1997). The current sample includes all subjects who completed the survey items related to smoking. Therefore, there may be some differences in sample size compared with the total recruitment sample. The sample for the current study included, 1,875 individuals, including 258 with Type 1 and 1,617 with Type 2 diabetes. The average age was 62.6 years for the Type 2 group and 39.7 years for the
Results
Examination of the stages of change distribution indicated that 15.8% were in the precontemplation stage, 9.6% in the contemplation stage, 2.0% in the preparation stage, 3.2% in the action stage, and 69.4% in the maintenance stage. Comparison of the Type 1 and Type 2 groups across all stages revealed that 27.3% versus 14.2% were in the precontemplation stage, 20.0% versus 8.3% in the contemplation stage, 2.7% versus 1.9% in the preparation stage, 5.5% versus 3.1% in the action stage, and 44.5%
Discussion
Consistent with patterns seen in the general population (Cohen et al., 1989), the current findings for the entire sample of ever-smokers indicate that the majority of smokers with diabetes have already quit. In fact, the proportion of ever-smokers who are former smokers appears to be substantially greater in our sample of people with diabetes (73%) than in the general population (about 50%; Cigarette Smoking Among Adults—United States, 1994, 1994). Among the remaining current smokers, however,
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Cited by (31)
Continued smoking abstinence in diabetic patients in primary care: A cluster randomized controlled multicenter study
2015, Diabetes Research and Clinical PracticeCitation Excerpt :Accordingly, traditional action-based interventions targeting only those in the preparation stages are likely to be a mismatch for the majority of diabetic smokers and therefore ineffective in producing much change in smoking. Moreover, people with diabetes who smoke are less likely to be active in self-care or to comply with diabetes care recommendations [38] and, although smokers with diabetes indicate that they are aware of the negative impact of smoking on diabetes and their complications, they are especially resistant to change [27,28]. It has been argued that diabetic patients may believe that their lives are excessively constrained by demands on maintaining good metabolic control and may be less willing to accept an additional lifestyle prohibition regarding smoking [18].
The exercise prescription: A tool to improve physical activity
2012, PM and RCitation Excerpt :Health care providers are uniquely positioned to educate patients about the importance of physical activity and to encourage them to make it a regular part of their lifestyle. Advice from a physician has consistently been shown to lead to attempts to improve lifestyle [6-12]. Specifically, a physician's advice has been cited to be a powerful motivator to increase physical activity, in part because of perceived physician credibility and authority [13-16].
Results of the application of the American Diabetes Association guidelines regarding tobacco dependency in subjects with diabetes mellitus
2009, Metabolism: Clinical and ExperimentalCitation Excerpt :Apart from the resultant increased macrovascular risk in smokers, the length of time from smoking cessation decreases the risk of mortality in subjects who stop smoking for more than 10 years [1,9]. No doubt that the application of these recommendations is most evident in the higher percentage of DM subjects who admitted to having received antitobacco counseling; and the most recent studies show numbers greater than 75% [10-13], which are greater than those for the population without DM [12]. Despite this information, the prevalence of tobacco dependency in subjects with DM continues to be high; and numbers have been found to be similar to those of the general population, which have remained consistent in recent years [12].
Stress and cigarette smoking in Korean men with diabetes
2006, Addictive Behaviors
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This study was conducted from a database developed by Lifescan, Inc., and Johnson & Johnson Health Care Systems Inc. as part of a diabetes management initiative.