Objective: To compare outcomes in patients with the clinical diagnosis of probable dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) cared for in a Dementia Special Care Unit (DSCU) with those in traditional long-term care (TLTC).
Design: Two-year prospective cohort study.
Setting: Two Veterans Administration Hospitals. The DSCU concentrated on assuring patients' comfort instead of promoting maximal survival; in some patients this excluded transfer to acute medical settings, the use of antibiotics, and tube feeding.
Measurements: Data were collected regarding disease severity, patient discomfort, use of medical resources, and mortality rate.
Results: Patients at both settings were similar on baseline measures, and most were severely demented. The monthly levels of observed discomfort were lower in DSCU than in TLTC patients. The costs of medications, radiology, and laboratory procedures were lower in DSCU than in TLTC patients. DSCU patients were also transferred less frequently to an acute medical setting. The average 3-month cost for a DSCU patient was $1477 less than the cost of care for a TLTC patient. However, DSCU patients with lower severity of DAT had a higher mortality rate then TLTC patients.
Conclusions: These results suggest that management of patients with advanced DAT on a DSCU using a palliative care philosophy may result in less patient discomfort and lower costs than management on a TLTC.