Background The effect of screening with prostate-specific–antigen (PSA) testing and digital
rectal examination on the rate of death from prostate cancer is unknown. This is the first …

Background Despite aggressive local therapy, patients with locally advanced bladder
cancer are at significant risk for metastases. We evaluated the ability of neoadjuvant …

Background Mitoxantrone-based chemotherapy palliates pain without extending survival in
men with progressive androgen-independent prostate cancer. We compared docetaxel plus …

Background The optimal upper limit of the normal range for prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
is unknown. We investigated the prevalence of prostate cancer among men in the Prostate …

To test the hypothesis that maximal androgen blockade improves the effectiveness of the
treatment of prostatic cancer, we conducted a randomized, double-blind trial in patients with …

Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia is commonly treated with alpha-adrenergic–receptor
antagonists (alpha-blockers) or 5α-reductase inhibitors. The long-term effect of these …

Context Screening for ovarian cancer with cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and transvaginal
ultrasound has an unknown effect on mortality. Objective To evaluate the effect of screening for …

Background The value of nephrectomy in metastatic renal-cell cancer has long been debated.
Several nonrandomized studies suggest a higher rate of response to systemic therapy …

Background The prostate component of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO)
Cancer Screening Trial was undertaken to determine whether there is a reduction in …

Background Darolutamide is a potent androgen-receptor inhibitor that has been associated
with increased overall survival among patients with nonmetastatic, castration-resistant …