The imposition of external constraints on an activity has frequently been shown to undermine
intrinsic motivation. Given that limits must often be set upon peoples' activities, especially in …

Cluster analysis procedures were used to classify 257 5th-and 6th-grade students on basis
of their mastery, ego, and work-avoidant goal orientations. The results identified 3 clusters of …

Evidence for resilience, competent functioning despite severe adversity, was investigated in
school-age, disadvantaged maltreated (N = 127) and nonmaltreated (N = 79) children …

In two studies, we examined depressed and nondepressed persons' judgments of the probability
of future positive and negative life events occurring to themselves and to others. Study …

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2D (LGMD 2D) is an autosomal recessive disorder
caused by mutations in the α-sarcoglycan gene. To determine how α-sarcoglycan deficiency …

Large collections of knockout organisms facilitate the elucidation of gene functions. Here we
used retroviral insertion or homologous recombination to disrupt 472 genes encoding …

The purposes of this research were to identify risk factors for reported child abuse or neglect
and to examine the roles of stress and social support in the etiology of child maltreatment. …

This study assessed the impact of a psychoeducational intervention on the depressive
symptoms of 28 mothers of young children with autism or related disorders. Mothers in two …

Insulin activation of Ras is mediated by the plasma membrane targeting of the guanylnucleotide
exchange factor SOS associated with the small adapter protein Grb2. SOS also lies in …

Dystroglycan is a cytoskeleton-linked extracellular matrix receptor expressed in many cell
types. Dystroglycan is composed of α- and β-subunits which are encoded by a single mRNA. …