This article introduces the approach of GRADE to rating quality of evidence. GRADE specifies
four categories—high, moderate, low, and very low—that are applied to a body of evidence…

The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF/Task Force) represents one of several
efforts to take a more evidence-based approach to the development of clinical practice …

This article deals with inconsistency of relative (rather than absolute) treatment effects in
binary/dichotomous outcomes. A body of evidence is not rated up in quality if studies yield …

Purpose: To synthesize new data on breast cancer screening for the US Preventive
Services Task Force. Data Sources: MEDLINE; the Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry; and …

Direct evidence comes from research that directly compares the interventions in which we
are interested when applied to the populations in which we are interested and measures …

Background Well-written and transparent case reports (1) reveal early signals of potential
benefits, harms, and information on the use of resources; (2) provide information for clinical …

BACKGROUND Periodontal disease is common among adults in the US and is a potential
source of chronic inflammation. Recent data have suggested an important role for chronic …

of Findings (SoF) tables present, for each of the seven (or fewer) most important outcomes,
the following: the number of studies and number of participants; the confidence in effect …

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) may help to refine global risk assessment for coronary
heart disease (CHD), particularly among persons who are at intermediate risk on the basis …

ContextEach year, approximately 5000 infants are born in the United States with moderate-to-profound,
bilateral permanent hearing loss (PHL). Universal newborn hearing screening (…