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Annals of Family Medicine 8:58-63 (2010)
© 2010 Annals of Family Medicine, Inc.
doi: 10.1370/afm.1038
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Steroids as Adjuvant Therapy for Acute Pharyngitis in Ambulatory Patients: A Systematic Review

Katrin Korb, MD1, Martin Scherer, MD, PhD2 and Jean-François Chenot, MD, MPH1

1 Department of Family Practice, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
2 Department of Social Medicine, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Jean-François Chenot, MD, MPH, PhD Department of Family Practice, University of Goettingen, Humboldtallee 38, 37073 Goettingen, Germany, jchenot{at}gwdg.de

Annals Journal Club selection—see inside back cover or http://www.annfammed.org/AJC/.

PURPOSE This review summarizes the evidence regarding the efficacy of adjuvant steroids for pain reduction in acute pharyngitis.

METHODS We searched for randomized controlled trials, using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, published between 1966 and December 2008. Two reviewers assessed the quality of each retrieved article and summarized the data.

RESULTS Our review found 8 relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 806 patients. There were 5 RCTs with adult patients and 3 with children. All RCTs found a statistically significant faster reduction of pain or complete pain relief from steroid use compared with placebo. The trials used different steroids (dexamethasone, betamethasone, prednisone), and most participants had received antibiotics at least initially. Analgesic medication, such as acetaminophen, was allowed in all studies, but this factor was not always controlled. No serious adverse side effects were reported.

CONCLUSIONS Steroids are effective in relieving pain in acute pharyngitis. Although no serious adverse effects were observed, the benefits have to be balanced with possible adverse drug effects. There are safe and effective over-the-counter medications to relieve throat pain. Most patients received concomitant antibiotics; however, reducing the prescription of antibiotics for generally benign upper respiratory tract infection is a public health goal. We therefore recommend further studies to establish both the safety of steroids without antibiotic coverage and the additional benefits of steroids when used with regular administration of over-the-counter analgesic medications.

Key Words: Pharyngitis • sore throat • steroids • adjuvant therapy • family practice




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Corrections
Ann. Fam. Med, March 1, 2010; 8(2): 185 - 185.
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J. J. Frey III
In This Issue: Race, Place, and Sex Matter
Ann. Fam. Med, January 1, 2010; 8(1): 2 - 3.
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TRACK Comments:

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Is the small benefit of corticosteroid treatment of acute pharyngitis worth the risk?
Robert M. Centor
Annals of Family Medicine, 31 Jan 2010 [Full text]
Symptomatic treatment for sore throat in family practice
Jochen WL Cals
Annals of Family Medicine, 16 Feb 2010 [Full text]
Response to Jochen Cals
Jean-Francois Chenot, et al.
Annals of Family Medicine, 17 Feb 2010 [Full text]

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