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Tables
Variable 1 Family Physician (n = 2,285) > 1 Family Physician (n = 1,849) P Value MOS SF-36 = Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). * Higher score means a better condition. Age, mean years 69 68 .140 Sex: female, % (n) 50 (1,145) 54 (992) .024 Region: in Liège, % (n) 44 (1,011) 55 (1,019) <.001 Living situation: alone, % (n) 29 (653) 28 (523) .890 Education: higher secondary, % (n) 23 (530) 22 (413) .526 Locus of control: internal, % (n) 48 (1,101) 47 (867) .416 Income: difficulties, % (n) 16 (360) 20 (367) .001 Environment: urban, % (n) 16 (353) 19 (346) .005 Health insurance company: B, % (n) 48 (1,095) 55 (1,015) <.001 Chronic disease: > 1, % (n) 53 (1,216) 60 (1,118) <.001 MOS SF-36 dimensions* Physical functioning 65 (± 30) 60 (± 33) <.001 Social functioning 80 (± 26) 75 (± 28) <.001 Role limitations (physical) 67 (± 42) 62 (± 43) <.001 Role limitations (emotional) 79 (± 37) 74 (± 40) <.001 Mental health 69 (± 21) 64 (± 22) <.001 Energy 58 (± 23) 53 (± 24) <.001 Pain 68 (± 28) 62 (± 30) <.001 General health 58 (± 20) 54 (± 23) <.001 Change in health status 46 (± 18) 44 (± 20) <.001 1 or more specialist consultations, % 77 85 <.001 - Table 2.
Total Health Care Cost (Median Scores in Euros [ε]) in 1994 and 1995 for Different Groups in Relation to Provider Continuity
Determinants 1 Family Physician (n = 2,285) ε (n) >1 Family Physician (n = 1,849) ε (n) *Kruskal-Wallis test. † Mann-Whitney test. Age, years 45-64 218 (690) 324 (641) 65-74 329 (804) 524 (580) 75+ 435 (791) 970 (627) P value* <.001 <.001 Sex Men 297 (1,140) 438 (857) Women 338 (1,145) 581 (992) P value† .029 .07 Region Aalst 281 (1,274) 462 (830) Liège 351 (1,011) 561 (1,019) P value† .009 .418 Living situation Alone 393 (653) 775 (523) Not alone 290 (1,627) 440 (1,317) P value† <.001 <.001 Education Lower secondary or less 328 (1,738) 585 (1,422) Higher secondary or more 288 (530) 374 (413) P value† .002 <.001 Health locus of control Not internal 366 (1,184) 422 (867) Internal 278 (1,101) 645 (982) P value† <.001 <.001 Income No difficulties 308 (1,907) 462 (1,470) Difficulties 398 (360) 766 (367) P value† .002 <.001 Health insurance company A 320 (1,190) 487 (834) B 318 (1,095) 535 (1,015) P value† .184 .282 Environment (Semi) rural 306 (1,886) 487 (1,463) Urban 399 (353) 626 (346) P value† .010 .014 Physical functioning ≤ 80 (bad) 407 (1,363) 761 (1,166) >80 (good) 210 (896) 275 (655) P value† <.001 <.001 Mental functioning ≤ 80 (bad) 353 (1,542) 604 (1,385) > 80 (good) 241 (705) 337 (450) P value† <.001 <.001 Multiple morbidity 0 or 1 chronic disease 219 (1,069) 295 (731) > 1 chronic disease 425 (1,216) 782 (1,118) P value† <.001 <.001 - Table 3.
Provider Continuity (0/1) in a Multivariate Approach With Total Health Care Cost (Logarithmic Transformation) as the Dependent Variable: Standardized Regression Coefficientsβ
Explaining Variables Standardized Regression Coefficient β P Value R2 27.6% Older age .086 < .001 Sex (male) −.036 .008 Health locus of control: internal −.030 .029 Physical functioning −.1568 < .001 Mental functioning −.056 < .001 Multiple morbidity .116 < .001 Number of regular encounters .296 < .001 Provider continuity −.105 < .001
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