Article Figures & Data
Tables
Variable First Year No. (SD) Second Year No. (SD) Third Year No. (SD) Fourth Year No. (SD) Note: Each patient appears only once in the table, randomly selected from the years they were enrolled. Number of patients 31,994 127,976 94,854 80,723 Age, years 40.8 (10.9) 43.1 (10.9) 44.7 (10.6) 45.8 (10.0) Female, % 53.5 52.5 51.5 51.0 ZIP, socioeconomic status 0.03 (1.00) 0.03 (0.98) 0.05 (0.98) 0.07 (0.98) ZIP, >12 years school, % 63.9 (7.80) 64.3 (7.61) 64.5 (7.6) 64.6 (7.6) ZIP, median household income, $ 37,002 (10,228) 37,728 (10,176) 37,905 (10,189) 38,194 (10,317) ZIP, white, % 93.9 (12.0) 94.4 (11.2) 94.5 (10.9) 94.7 (10.7) ZIP, white-collar work, % 74.2 (8.53) 74.4 (8.6) 74.6 (8.6) 74.8 (8.7) Total years enrolled 1.27 (0.56) 2.73 (0.82) 3.49 (0.50) 4.0 (0) Total ambulatory diagnostic groups 3.5 (2.68) 3.3 (2.75) 3.5 (2.82) 3.7 (2.90) Any visit, % 90.1 86.2 87.0 88.5 Any primary care provider visit 55.6 49.2 50.0 49.6 Mammogram 51.0 52.3 56.8 58.8 Papanicolaou test 59.5 61.1 60.1 60.5 Avoidable hospitalization, % 0.18 O.15 0.12 0.15 Expenditures (including nonusers), $ Mean/Median Mean/Median Mean/Median Mean/Median Total 1,086/313 1,035/285 1,112/317 1,250/359 Diagnostic 224/41 230/43 245/46 221/11 Ambulatory 281/134 282/127 297/137 332/160 Inpatient 280/0 258/0 259/0 307/0 Expenditures (contingent on use), $ Total 1,223/383 1,227/387 1,306/428 1,440/467 Diagnostic 354/137 369/165 392/165 399/131 Ambulatory 347/183 366/189 379/203 409/217 Inpatient 5,751/3,005 5,617/2,950 5,698/2,902 6,244/3,019 Variable First Year RR (95% CI) Second Year RR (95% CI) Third Year RR (95% CI) RR = relative risk, CI = confidence interval. Note: Each row represents a separate logistic regression. Shown are the adjusted relative risks (and 95% confidence intervals) associated with each year of enrollment, with the fourth year the reference year. These analyses adjust for patient age, sex, socioeconomic status, and year. The avoidable hospitalization analysis adjusted for case mix as well. For the mammogram analysis, number of observations = 243,614; for the Papanicolaou analysis, N = 417,210; and for the any visit and any primary care provider visit analyses, N = 798,967. In these 4 analyses individual patients may be included for each year they were enrolled. For the avoidable hospitalization analysis, each patient was included only once, N = 335,547. Any visit 1.02 (1.02, 1.03) 0.98 (0.98, 0.99) 0.99 (0.99, 0.99) Any primary care provider visit 1.15 (1.15, 1.14) 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) Mammogram 0.87 (0.87, 0.88) 0.89 (0.88, 0.90) 0.97 (0.96, 0.97) Papanicolaou test 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) 1.02 (1.01, 1.02) 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) Avoidable hospitalization 1.89 (1.26, 2.81) 1.68 (1.10, 2.55) 1.00 (0.62, 1.62) Expenditure Category First Year AMC (95% CI) Second Year AMC (95% CI) Third Year AMC (95% CI) AMC = adjusted mean costs, CI = confidence interval. Note: Each row represents a separate linear regression. Shown are the adjusted mean costs and 95% confidence intervals associated with each year of enrollment relative to the fourth year. These analyses adjust for patient age, sex, socioeconomic status, ambulatory diagnostic groups, and year. For all analyses, N = 335,547; 1 observation per patient. Total 1.05 (1.03-1.07) 1.02 (1.00-1.04) 1.03 (1.01-1.05) Diagnostic testing 1.15 (1.13-1.17) 1.12 (1.09-1.14) 1.25 (1.22-1.27) Ambulatory care 1.04 (1.02-1.06) 1.04 (1.02-1.06) 1.01 (0.99-1.03) Inpatient care 1.03 (0.93-1.14) 0.99 (0.88-1.11) 0.99 (0.88-1.11)
