Research ArticleMethodology
Context Matters: The Experience of 14 Research Teams in Systematically Reporting Contextual Factors Important for Practice Change
Andrada Tomoaia-Cotisel, Debra L. Scammon, Norman J. Waitzman, Peter F. Cronholm, Jacqueline R. Halladay, David L. Driscoll, Leif I. Solberg, Clarissa Hsu, Ming Tai-Seale, Vanessa Hiratsuka, Sarah C. Shih, Michael D. Fetters, Christopher G. Wise, Jeffrey A. Alexander, Diane Hauser, Carmit K. McMullen, Sarah Hudson Scholle, Manasi A. Tirodkar, Laura Schmidt, Katrina E. Donahue, Michael L. Parchman and Kurt C. Stange
The Annals of Family Medicine May 2013, 11 (Suppl 1) S115-S123; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1549
Andrada Tomoaia-Cotisel
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
MPH, MHADebra L. Scammon
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
PhDNorman J. Waitzman
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
PhDPeter F. Cronholm
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
MD, MSCE, FAAFPJacqueline R. Halladay
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
MD, MPHDavid L. Driscoll
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
MA, PhD, MPHLeif I. Solberg
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
MDClarissa Hsu
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
PhDMing Tai-Seale
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
PhD, MPHVanessa Hiratsuka
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
MPHSarah C. Shih
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
MPHMichael D. Fetters
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
MD, PMH, MAChristopher G. Wise
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
MHA, PhDJeffrey A. Alexander
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
PhDDiane Hauser
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
MPACarmit K. McMullen
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
PhDSarah Hudson Scholle
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
MPH, DrPHManasi A. Tirodkar
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
PhD, MSLaura Schmidt
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
PhDKatrina E. Donahue
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
MD, MPHMichael L. Parchman
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
MDKurt C. Stange
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Tomoaia-Costisel, Scammon); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Tomoaia-Costisel); University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Tomoaia-Costisel); Emma Eccles Jones Professor of Marketing, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Scammon); Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Waitzman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cronholm); Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Halladay, Donahue); Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, College of Health, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska (Driscoll); HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Solberg); Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Hsu); Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (Tai-Seale); Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska (Hiratsuka); Primary Care Information Project, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York (Shih); Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Fetters); School of Public Health, Ross School of Business, Research Center University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Wise); Patient-Centered Medical Home Collaborative Quality Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Alexander); The Institute for Family Health and the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Hauser, Schmidt); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (McMullen); National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC (Scholle, Tirodkar); MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (Parchman); Department of Family Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Sociology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Stange).
MD, PhD
Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Understanding an intervention’s context: emergent contextual framework.
- Figure 2
Context Matters worksheet.
Tables
Domain Description Examples Level specific Practice Characteristics that describe the clinic or practice setting and that are directly related to experiences of patients and staff Employee mix (eg, number of physicians and midlevel professionals of certain specialties; part time/full time; residents; staffing mix)
Clinician demographics, attitude, and training (eg, family medicine)
Patient panel size and characteristics (eg, SES, ethnic minority composition, payer mix: uninsured, Medicaid, private, etc)
Recognition type (eg, NCQA, other, none)
Ownership of practices (eg, physician owned, independent, group practice) Structural capabilities (eg, EHRs, financial management system, QI system with ability to provide feedback, linkage to hospital)
Leadership style (eg, visionary, strong personality, facilitative)Larger organization Factors related to the larger organization (if any) with which an individual practice is associated Ownership, structural capabilities, and leadership style also may relate to this level
Competing priorities: what else was going on in the organization, and when? (eg, EHR implementation midway, financial crisis, financial health of practices, applying for recognition)
Degree of integration (eg, insurance, hospital system, specialty care, primary care, and AMC)
Contractual arrangements (eg, public payers, private payers, payment model such as extent of capitation)External environment The health care system, policy, and community milieu relevant to the project Market environment (eg, competition)
Community characteristics (eg, SES, level of urbanization, availability of transport)
Political authority
Grant or other external financial support
Level of coordination/involvement with community (eg, statewide project, multipayer project, collaborative, advocacy)
Payment model(s) available (eg, fee for service, capitated, pay for performance, care management payment)Cross-cutting theme Implementation pathway The specific elements and processes of an intervention, including operational changes and feedback loops What elements of the PCMH were implemented; when, and over what period of time?
What were the specific operational changes? (eg, expanded medical assistant role, building team communication, new employees hired; use of specific QI method, involvement of staff and patients in QI, feedback on performance to clinicians)
Formal program identity (eg, demonstration project; pilot project; organizational transformation)
History (eg, experience with transformation, burnout, adaptive reserve)
Provision of a safe place to experiment and even fail
Patient involvement in development
Intervention group (eg, specific disease; specific demographic subpopulation)
Assistance received (eg, external consultants, internal practice coaches; employee site visits; collaborative participation)
Main intervention objectives and outcomes (eg, health status, patient satisfaction, financial stability)Motivation for implementation Key personal, organizational, and cultural drivers of change at multiple levels Patient experience, quality, cost of care
Incentives, NCQA/other recognition, marketing-
AMC = academic medical center; EHR = electronic health record; NCQA = National Committee for Quality Assurance; PCMH = patient-centered medical home; QI=quality improvement; SES=socioeconomic status.
-
Engage diverse perspectives Research participants (organizations, patients and clinicians, investigative team) Relevant theoretical models Prior research Potential end users of study findings Consider multiple levels From the macro to the micro Interactions between levels Evaluate the evolution of contextual factors over time Initial conditions and history Changes over the course of the study Look at both formal and informal systems and culture Peer across the boundaries Look for (mis)alignments Be sensitive to the locus of power Appraise internal and external motivations Evaluate resources, support, and financial and other incentives Assess (often nonlinear) interactions between contextual factors and both the process and outcome of studies Report within the body of scientific articles key contextual factors that others would need to know (1) to understand what happened in the study and why, and (2) to be able to transport and knowledgeably reinvent the project in another situation
In this issue
Context Matters: The Experience of 14 Research Teams in Systematically Reporting Contextual Factors Important for Practice Change
Andrada Tomoaia-Cotisel, Debra L. Scammon, Norman J. Waitzman, Peter F. Cronholm, Jacqueline R. Halladay, David L. Driscoll, Leif I. Solberg, Clarissa Hsu, Ming Tai-Seale, Vanessa Hiratsuka, Sarah C. Shih, Michael D. Fetters, Christopher G. Wise, Jeffrey A. Alexander, Diane Hauser, Carmit K. McMullen, Sarah Hudson Scholle, Manasi A. Tirodkar, Laura Schmidt, Katrina E. Donahue, Michael L. Parchman, Kurt C. Stange
The Annals of Family Medicine May 2013, 11 (Suppl 1) S115-S123; DOI: 10.1370/afm.1549
Context Matters: The Experience of 14 Research Teams in Systematically Reporting Contextual Factors Important for Practice Change
Andrada Tomoaia-Cotisel, Debra L. Scammon, Norman J. Waitzman, Peter F. Cronholm, Jacqueline R. Halladay, David L. Driscoll, Leif I. Solberg, Clarissa Hsu, Ming Tai-Seale, Vanessa Hiratsuka, Sarah C. Shih, Michael D. Fetters, Christopher G. Wise, Jeffrey A. Alexander, Diane Hauser, Carmit K. McMullen, Sarah Hudson Scholle, Manasi A. Tirodkar, Laura Schmidt, Katrina E. Donahue, Michael L. Parchman, Kurt C. Stange
The Annals of Family Medicine May 2013, 11 (Suppl 1) S115-S123; DOI: 10.1370/afm.1549
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